Topic 5 UK's Human Environment Flashcards
What is population density
Population density is how many people live in an area. High density=lots of people in a small area.
How much percent do rural areas and urban areas cover in the UK
7% is covered by urban
93% is covered by rural
What are 4 differences bteween urban and rural areas
Urban core: Rural areas:
Population density is high Population density is low but increasing
Many young and sungle people Many older people and some single people
Lots of jobs in large shops, offices Farming, mining, working from home
Value of propery is higher Property generally cheaper
What are enterprize zones
Enterprise Zones are designated areas across England that provide tax breaks and Government support
Give 3 benefits the government give companies for loacting in enterprize zones
Reduces taxes, simpler planning rules, improved infrastructure
What is globalisation
The process of countries becoming more integrated
What do free trade polices do
Reduce import and export restrictions making it easier for countries to trade
What are 3 positives of TNC’s
Jobs are created
Large scale projects can be built that UK governments cant afford to pay for
Helps develop new products, technology and buisness practices
3 negatives of TNC’s
It can lead to over-reliance on TNC’s
TNC’s can choose to relocate or change suppliers
Local buisnesses can struggle to compete against TNC’s
Give 3 reasons why the population of london is growing
International migration
National migration
Internal population growth
What is footlose industry
Those which can be located anywhere in the world
What is an FDI
When an investor becomes a significant investor in a buisness in another country
What sector is most common in urban cores
Tertiary sector
What industry for jobs is most common in rural areas
Primary industry
What does the periphery mean
Edge
What are three strategies used to reduce differences in wealth between thriving urban cities and poor rural cities
Creating enterprize zones
Transport infastructure
Regional development
How dies creating enterprize zones across the uk help toreduce differences in wealth
If enterprize zones are implaced in rural areas, companies will be encouraged to locate in areas of high unemployment which will brung jobs and income helping poorer rual areas to develop
How will infastructure of transport help reduce differences in wealth in uk
If more roads are built it will encourage buisness to invest into cheaper rural areas as travel times will be reduced which will create more job opportunities for people in those rural areas.
What are the 4 different sectors and what do they do?
Primary- extraction of raw materials, grows good or extracts materials from land
Secondary- manufacturing, taking materials from primary sector and making them into products
Tertiary- services, activities done by people for sonsumers like hairdresser
Quaternary- industrues providing information services
What are three main reasons fdi is increasing in the UK
Globalisation, privatisation, free trade policies
How has globalisation increase FDI in the UK
Transport and communication links have improved making it easier for companies to operate in the UK
How has privatisation increased FDI in the UK
Services that were previously run by the UK government has been offered to private companies so they can buy them or merge them with their existing companies
How does free trade policies increase FDI
Free trade policies reduce import and export restrictions making it easier for countries to trade
Give two positives of the UKs economy increasing due to TNCs
More Jobs are created
Large scale projects can be built that the UK government cant afford to pay for
Guve two negatives of the UKs economy increasing due to TNCs
Over-reliance onn TNCs, if there a problem elssewhere in the workd the UKs economy can be affected
Local buisnesses struggle to compete against TNCs like coffee shops trying to compete against starbucks
What are the 5 different main land uses
Low-class residential
Middle-class residential
High-class residential
Industrual
Commercial
What is the main land use in the CBD and explain the distribution of the land
The main land use in CBD is commercial, there are a mix of new high rise office blocks and historical buildings. Land is expensive so building density is high. Some small parks.
Explain the main land use in the innercity and escribe its distribution of land
Low class residential- high density old terraced housing, modern apartment buildings. Poor envionmental quality and some green space
High class residential- land is expensive so building density is high, large ferraced housing. High quality green space and most houses have gardens
Explain the main land use in the suburbs and escribe its distribution of land
The mainnland use is middle-class residential. Good quality semi-detached housing with shops and resteraunts. Most houses have gardens and there are large areas of good quality green space
Explain the main land use in the rural urban fringe and describe its distribution of land
High-class residential- large, detatched and semi detatched houses with gardens sueounded by country side
Industrial,commercial- oil refineries, manufacturing and container port.
Describe the age structure in inner city of london
High percentage of people aged 25-34 and a lower proportion of people over 65. Most immigrants are of working age
‘The UK has positive net migration’ what does this mean
More income of immgrants than outcome
How has the UK immigration policy affected the UK
Immigration has been encouraged after the second worl war to fill in skill shortages in the UK working industry.
What are 3 positive effects of the immigration policy to the UK
Skill gaps are filled
Enonomy benefits from hard-working people
Goverment tax revenues increases
What are 3 negative effects of the immigration policy in the UK
Growth in population puts pressure on services, housing infastructure to provide for more people
Locals may feel they have missed out on job opportunities because of increased competition
Migrants tend to be located together in large city areas
What is rebranding of an area
Improving a places image so more people will want to go there
What is regeneration
Making actual improvements to an area like creating new buildings and services
How does employment make urban living more sustainable in london
Increasing employment opportunities reduces poverty and improves economic sustainablity. The london living wage encourages buisnesses to pay a fair wage that takes into account the high cost of living in london
How does recycling make urban living more sustainable
More recycling means fewer resources are used, metal cans can be melted down and be used to make more cans.
How does transport make urban living more sustainable (2)
Congestion charge discourages drivers from entering the city centre during peak hours.
Self-service bicycles and bike lanes make it easier and safer for people to cycle indtead of drive
How does housing make urban living more sustainable
Sustainable communities such as BedZED are environmentally friendly. They have thick insulation, solar heating systems and water savung appliances all of which help reduce energy consumption. They are built from locally sourced materials giving them a smaller carbon footprint aswell.
Explain how london is connected to rural areas through goods
London relies on the surrounding rural areas for food, many farmers sell their produce to supermarkets and wholesalers who transport it to the city
Explain how london is connected with rural areas through services
Londoners will travel to the country side for leisure activities such as playing golf and horse riding
What are two benefits of interdependence between urban and rural areas
Some farmers have made money from selling land or buildings
There is less pressure on housing in london
What are two negatives of interedpence between urban and rural areas
Hoem villages become commuter settlements-where people live in rural areas but work in london. This leaves villages empty during the day so shops and services may close because of reduced demand.
New housing estates have been built on open countryside which aftects wildlife habitats
What can quality of life be measured by
Index of multiple deprivation
