Topic 4 Uk Geology

Question 1

How is igneous rock created

Answer 1

Magma cools and hardens

Question 2

How is sedimentary rock created

Answer 2

Layers of sediments are compacted together

Question 3

How is metamorphic rock created

Answer 3

Formed when other rocks (igneous, metamorphic) are changed by heat and pressure

Question 4

What 3 types of weathering are there

Answer 4

Mechanical, chemical, biological

Question 5

What are 4 types of slope processes

Answer 5

Rock falls, slides, slump, soil creep

Question 6

What is freeze-thaw

Answer 6

When water slips into cracks, freezes and expands, eventually splitting rock

Question 7

2 characteristics of U-shaped valley

Answer 7

Flat or slightly curved bottom
Steep sides

Question 8

Where do the upland areas tend to be in the UK

Answer 8

North and west of the country

Question 9

Where do the lowland areas tend to be in the UK

Answer 9

Around south and east of UK

Question 10

Give one example of an area of upland in the UK

Answer 10

Snowdonia

Question 11

Describe snowdonia

Answer 11

A glaciated upland formed from rock of extinct volcanoes. It contains steep mountains and glaciated valleys

Question 12

What are the three main ways that past tectonic processes have shaped the UK landscape

Answer 12

Active volcanoes
Tectonic collisions
Tectonic movements

Question 13

How did volcanoes shape some of the UK landscape

Answer 13

Active volcanoes forced magma through the earths crust which cooled to form igneous rock

Question 14

How did plate collisions help to shape some of the UK landscape

Answer 14

Plate collisions caused rocks to be folded and uplifted forming mountain ranges

Question 15

How did plate movements help shape some of the UK landscape

Answer 15

Britain was in the tropics and higher sea levals meant it was partly underwater

Question 16

Give 3 characteristics of granite

Answer 16

Very resistant and forms upland landscapes
It has lots of cracks which arent evenly spread
Granite is impermeable (doesnt let water through)

Question 17

Give 2 characteristics of limestone

Answer 17

Rainwater eats away limestone through weathering
Limestone is permeable (lets water through)

Question 18

Name 3 characteristics of state and schist

Answer 18

State forms in in layers creating weak planes in the rock
Splits easily into small flakes
They often form rugged upland landscapes

Question 19

Give 3 features of chalk and clay

Answer 19

Chalk forms hills in UK lowlands and cliffs at the coast
Chalk is permeable (water can get through it)
Clay is very soft and easily eroded

Question 20

What 4 things do physical peocesses include

Answer 20

Weathering
Erosion
Post-glacial river processes
Slope processes

Question 21

What is weatheing (physical processes)

Answer 21

Weathering is the breakdown of rock into smaller pieces (chemical,mechanical,biological)

Question 22

What is erosion

Answer 22

Erosion wears away rock. Rivers and amd sea constantly erode the landscape

Question 23

What are post-glacial river processes

Answer 23

Is the melting of ice at the end of glacial processes that cause much bigger and powrful tides than normal

Question 24

What are slope processes

Answer 24

Includes mass movement (rockfalls,slides,slumps,soil creep)

Question 25

Properties of lowland landscapes

Answer 25

Dry valleys
Wet climate
Larger rivers

Question 26

Properties of upland landscapes

Answer 26

Slope processes
Most of the rocks are impermeable
U/V shaped valleys

Question 27

How have people changed the landscape (3 ways)

Answer 27

People clear land of forest to make space for farming
Walls have been put in to mark out fields
Draining ditches- dug to make the land dry enough for farming

Question 28

How have humans changed the landscape through forestry (3 ways)

Answer 28

Evergreen forests have been planted for timber in straight line and doesnt look natural
Little natural wood left
Trees are chopped down for timber and other things