Topic 5: The Integumentary System Flashcards
Epidermis layers from deepest to top.
Stratum Basale Stratum Spinosum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Lucidum Stratum Corneum
Deepest layer of epidermis
Stratum Basale
Synthesis of keratin/Second deepest layer of epidermis
Stratum Spinosum
Helps manufacture keratin/Third layer (of 5) in epidermis
Stratum Granulosum
Present only in thick skin/Second outermost layer of epidermis
Stratum Lucidum
20-30 layer of flattened, keratinized dead cells/outermost layer of epidermis
Stratum Corneum
Composed of connective tissue, and housing muscle fibers, blood vessels,hair follicles, exocrine glands, and sensory nerve fibers
Dermis
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Epidermis
Two layers of the dermis
Papillary and Reticular
Layer of the dermis made of loose connective tissue directly underlying the epidermis.
Papillary Layer
Associated only with the thick skin of the hands and feet. Due to the pulling of elastic fibers in the papillary layer.
Dermal Ridges
Quite distensible and resilient; when over-stretched, it tears,producing ‘stretch marks’
Reticular Layer
loose connective tissue and adiposetissue interlaced with blood vessels
Subcutaneous Layer
Serves as heat insulator and energy reservoir
Adipose tissue
Adipose tissue is generally ___ thicker in ________.
8% thicker in women.
Binds skin to underlying organs
Subcutaneous Layer
Cause of pink skin coloration
blood flow in dermis and subcutaneous layers
Cause of temporary yellowish pigment acquired through diet
Carotene
Permanent cause of yellowish pigment found primarily among people of East Asian descent
Thicker Stratum Corneum - more structural protein keratin.
Cause of brown skin
Higher production of melanin by melanocytes
Small, isolated patches of highly concentrated melanin
Freckles
________ generally have lighter skin. (men or women)
Women
Two things that prevent excessive amounts of UV radiation from reaching lower mitotic cell layers/dividing cells of stratum germinativum anddermis
Melanin and Thicker stratum corneum.
Lack of ________ will cause _______ in children and _______ in adults.
Vitamin D
Rickets
Osteomalacia
Production of vitamin D starts with sufficient amounts of UV radiation reaching the _______.
Dermis
In areas of extreme low UV exposure (far north or south), ____ ____ will result in decreased production of _________.
Dark skin
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is necessary for proper _____ _____.
Bone growth
Rickets symptoms
Bowing of bones
Osteomalacia symptoms
Fatigue, muscle/joint pain
______ skin is more susceptible to damage in extreme cold.
Dark
Houses the hair
Follicle
Zone of actively dividing cells at the base of the hair
Bulb
Only part of hair with living cells
Bulb
Column of flattened, dead keratinized cells within the follicle.
Root
Column of flattened, dead keratinized cells external to skin surface.
Shaft
Muscle attached to hair follicle surface and dermis
Arrector Pili muscle
Muscle responsible for goose bumps
Arrector Pili Muscle
Responsible for pigmentation of hair
Melanocytes located at the base of hair bulb
Cause of red hair
Iron
Function of hair.
Protection and Identification
Those of ________ descent have the most dense distribution of hair.
European
_____ _____ and ___________ have the least dense hair distribution.
East Asians and Amerindians
