Quiz 1: Body Organization & Terminology Flashcards by Guy DaWalt

Maintenance of stable, constant internal bodily environment.

Homeostasis

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Difference between feedbacks?

Negative - restore back to original state. closed loop (A to B back to A).
Positive - creates new state of homeostasis. adapts. A to B to C to D.

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Separates the body in to right and left halves

Sagittal

Midsagittal - A sagittal plane along the midline of the body

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Separates the body into front and back.

Coronal

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Separates the body into top and bottom.

Transverse

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Sectioning cuts.

Cross Section: Cut perpendicular to the long axis
Longitudinal Section: Cut parallel to the long axis
Oblique Section: Cut at an oblique angle to the long axis

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Directional ref. towards the head.

Superior (above)

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Directional ref. towards the feet.

Inferior (below)

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Directional ref. towards the front surface of the body.

Ventral / Anterior

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Directional ref. towards the back surface of the body.

Dorsal / Posterior

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Directional ref. towards the midline of the body

Medial

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Directional ref. away from the midline of the body.

Lateral

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Directional ref. AT the midline of the body.

Median

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Directional ref. referring to two sides.

Bilateral

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Directional ref. on the same side.

Ipsilateral

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Directional ref. on different sides

Contralateral

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Closer to the point of attachment

Proximal

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Further away from point of attachment

Distal

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Levels of Organization

C.T.O.S.

Cell –> Tissue –> Organ –> Systems

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Closer to the body surface

Superficial

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Further from the body surface, toward the core.

Deep

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Body cavity partitioned by the diaphragm; entire anterior abdomin

Ventral (anterior)

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Superior portion of the ventral cavity

Thoracic

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Portion of thoracic cavity associated with the lungs

Pleural Cavity

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Middle portion of thoracic cavity

Mediastinum

Cavity associated with the heart

Pericardial Cavity

Cavity from diaphragm to hips

abdominal cavity

Cavity from diaphragm to groin; includes abdominal and pelvic.

Abdominopelic Cavity

Lower chamber in abdominopelvic cavity

pelvic cavity

Posterior cavity from head to hips

Dorsal (posterior) Cavity

Posterior cavity associated with the spinal cord/column

Vertebral (spinal) Cavity

Mouth cavity

Oral (buccal) Cavity

Nose cavity

nasal cavity

Eye cavity

Orbital Cavity

Membranes generally lining cavities and tubular organs which enter and exit the body.

Mucous Membranes

Membranes generally lining cavities contained entirely within the body

Serous Membranes

Membranes associated with an organ within the cavity.

Visceral Membranes

Membranes associated with the body wall; one continuous membrane

Parietal Membranes

Membrane associated with the lungs and pleural cavities.

Pleura Membranes

Membrane associated with the heart and pericardial cavity.

Pericardium Membrane

Membrane associated with the abdominopelvic cavity and the organs within it.

Peritoneum Membrane(s)

Regions of the body - Head (2 parts - front/back)

Cranial and Facial

Study of body structure/morphology

Anatomy

Anatomy seen easily with the naked eye.

Gross anatomy

Refers to a system in the body

Systemic

Refers to an area of the body

Regional

Refers to just beneath the skin/non-invasive

Surface (topographical)

Technique used to study structures beneath the skin.

Palpation

Anatomy that has to be magnified.

Microscopic anatomy

The study of cells.

Cytology

The study of tissue (a collection of cells).

Histology

The study of structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span, from conception to death.

Developmental anatomy

Conception through birth.

Embryology

COMPARING human anatomy to another type of organism.

Comparative anatomy

The study of the FUNCTION of the body.

Physiology

Study of disease processes (when things go wrong)

Pathological

Study of drug actions in the body.

Pharmacological

Cut up to view (method of investigation)

Dissection

Magnify (method of investigation)

Microscopy

(single) X-ray (method of investigation)

Radiology

Multiple X-rays (method of investigation)

Tomography

Sound waves (method of investigation)

Ultrasound

Radio active materials put in body (method of investigation)

Scintigraphy

Soft tissue investigation - MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging

basic unit of structure and function in living organisms

Cell

Breakdown of a cell (3 parts)

Atoms Molecules Organelles (small organs)

aggregation of similar cells, joined to perform a specific function

Tissue

Types of tissue (4)

Epithelial Nerve Muscle Connective (including blood and bone)

A structure consisting of two or more tissues that performs a specific function.

Organ

A group of organs which function together.

System

11 Systems.

Integumentary (skin), skeletal, muscular, nervous, respiratory, cardiovascular, lymphatic, urinary, endocrine, digestive, reprodutive.

Facial region - Eyes

Orbital

Facial region - Nose

Nasal

Facial region - Mouth

Oral

Facial region - Cheek

Buccal

Facial region - Chin

Mental

Facial region - Ears

Auricular

Region just below the head.

Neck/cervical

Entire torso region

Trunk

Chest

Thorax

Nipples

Mammary

Sternum

Sternal

arm pit

Axillary

Ribs

Costal

Vertebrae Region (back)

Vertebral

Diaphragm to pelvis region

Abdominopelvic Region

Nine region method (tic-tac-toe of abdomimopelvic)

Epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric right/left hypochondriac right/left lumbar right/left iliac

Upper/Center of abdominopelvic

Epigastric

Center of abdominopelvic region

Umbilical

Lower/Center of abdominopelvic region

Hypogastric

Left/Right Upper of abdominopelvic region

Left/Right Hypochondriac

Left/Right Mid-point of abdominopelvic region

Left/Right Lumbar

Left/Right Lower of abdominopelvic region

Left/Right iliac

Four quadrant method of abdominopelvic region

RU, LU RL, LL (right-upper), (left-upper) (right-lower), (left-lower)

Where thigh meets trunk

Inguinal

Region for genitalia

Pubic

Region for anus

Perineal

Region for buttocks

Gluteal

Region for sacrum

Sacral

Acromial, omos, deltoid region

Shoulder

Brachium (shoulder to elbow)

Arm

Cubital Fossa region (fossa - shallow depression)

Elbow

Antebrachium (elbow to wrist)

Forearm

Carpus (carpal)

Wrist

Manus - palm & dorsum

Hand

Upper leg, femoral region (hip to knee)

Thigh

Patellar region

Knee

Popliteal Fossa (fossa - shallow depression)

back of knee

Crura (shin/calf - anterior/posterior)

Leg

Tarsus

Ankle

Top and bottom of foot

Dorsum (top) | Sole (bottom/plantar surface)