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A & P 1 > Topic 4 - The Tissue Level of Organization > Flashcards

Topic 4 - The Tissue Level of Organization Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelium is capable of replacement by cell ______.

A

Mitosis

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2
Q

Function in absorption, secretion, and/or protection; usually highly innervated

A

Epithelium

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3
Q

Dingle layer of thin, flattened cells.

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

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4
Q

Epithelium always has a free surface, underside of which is anchored to connectivetissue via a ________ ________.

A

Basement Membrane

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5
Q

Found where substances need to move easily across a membrane (e.g., air sacs of lungs, walls of capillaries, Bowman’s capsule of thekidneys, surface membrane layer lining internal body cavities)

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

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6
Q

Single layer of cube-shaped cells.

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

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7
Q

Found lining small ducts/tubules that may have excretory, secretory, or absorptive functions (e.g., surface of the ovaries, lining of smaller salivary gland ducts and sweat gland ducts, portions of kidney tubules)

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

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8
Q

Single layer of elongated cells, with the cell nucleus usually located DEEP in the cell, near the basement membrane

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

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9
Q

Found in the linings of uterus and uterine tubes and various organs ofthe digestive tract (i.e., stomach, intestines, gall bladder), collecting ducts of kidneys

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

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10
Q

May be equipped with microvilli on free surface to increase absorptive properties, plus goblet cells, which secrete mucus onto free surface; or, with goblet cells and cilia on free surface to move fluids or particlesalong a passageway

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

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11
Q

Single layer of columnar epithelium in which cell nucleus is located at any level within the cell, not necessarily next to the basement membrane; all cells are anchored to the basement membrane, but notall reach the free surface

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

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12
Q

Found in linings of upper respiratory system and lining some tubes ofthe male reproductive tract

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

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13
Q

Multiple layers (10-20) of epithelial cells, of which the cells near the free surface are squamosal (i.e., thin and flattened); deeper layers tend tobe cuboidal or columnar

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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14
Q

Makes up the epidermis of the skin

A

KERATINIZED Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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15
Q

Two-to-three layers of cuboidal epithelial cells, forming lining around alumen

A

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

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16
Q

Limited to linings of larger glandular ducts (i.e., sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas); mainly protective in function

A

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

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17
Q

Several layers of cells with columnar cells at the free surface and cuboidal cells at the basement membrane

A

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

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18
Q

Found in parts of the pharynx and parts of the male urethra and vas deferens; mainly protective in function.

A

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

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19
Q

Consists of several layers of cuboidal cells, specialized to permit stretching and recoil.

A

Transitional Epithelium

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20
Q

Forms inner lining of urinary bladder and part of ureters and urethra, adjacent to bladder

A

Transitional Epithelium

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21
Q

Composed of epithelial cells specialized to produce and secrete substances into ducts or body fluids. usually located within columnar or cuboidal epithelium.

A

Glandular Epithelium

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22
Q

Secrete products (i.e. hormones) directly into to tissue fluid or blood vessels; highly vascularized

A

Endocrine Glads - Ductless

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23
Q

Secrete products into ducts that open onto internal or external surfaces.

A

Exocrine Glands - Have Ducts

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24
Q

The only unicellular exocrine gland.

A

Goblet Cells

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25
Q

Multicellular exocrine gland duct shapes

A

Simple/Simple Branched/Simple Coiled/Compound

Alveolar/Tubular/Tubuloalveolar

26
Q

Releases fluid cellular products through cell membranes without loss of cytoplasm (salivary gland)
Type of exocrine secretions.

A

Merocrine

27
Q

Two other exocrine secretions.

A

Mucus Fluid - Mucous Membranes

Serous Fluid - Serous membranes

28
Q

Loses small portions of cell bodies during secretion (mammary glands)

A

Apocrine

29
Q

Releases contents of entire cells filled with secretory products (sebaceous glands of skin). “Whole cell”

A

Holocrine

30
Q

Cells are loosely arranged/Direct blood supply

A

Connective Tissue

31
Q

Function - support/bind/protect other tissues/structures.

Highly vascularized.

A

Connective Tissue

32
Q

NOT found on free surfaces.
Cells capable of replication.
Intercellular matrix.

A

Connective Tissue

33
Q

Secrete fibrous proteins into surrounding intercellular ground substance (connective tissue)

A

Fibroblasts

34
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_ = Cells that make something
\_\_\_\_\_\_ = "Retired" blast cells.
A

….blasts

….cytes

35
Q

Specialized for fat storage (connective tissue)

A

Adipocytes

36
Q

Responsible for secretion and maintenance of cartilage matrix (connective tissue)

A

Chondroblasts and Chondrocytes

37
Q

Responsible for secretion and maintenance of bone tissue matrix

A

Osteoblasts and osteocytes

38
Q

Specialized to engulf and destroy foreign and damaged cells. (Clean-up crew)

A

Macrophages and microphages

39
Q

Relatively large cells with many vesicles; release substances important for DEFENSE against foreign cells and particles (one of two “search and destroy” type cells)

A

Mast Cells

40
Q

Modified leukocytes (white blood cells) which produce antibodies (one of two search and destroy cells)

A

Plasma Cells

41
Q

Consists of ground substance and fibers (connective tissue)

A

Matrix

42
Q

Composed of protein collagen (large-diameter fibers); strong, resistant to stretch, flexible (stretch about 5%

A

Collagen Fibers

43
Q

Capable of stretch and recoil; composed of the protein elastin (stretches about 50%)(Fibers)

A

Elastic Fibers

44
Q

Very THIN collagen fibers, forming delicate supporting meshes within tissue.

A

Reticular Fibers

45
Q

Amorphous substance within which cells and fibers are embedded.

A

Ground Substance

46
Q

Types of connective tissue - Thin, delicate membranes with collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers (space between muscles)

A

Loose Connective Tissue

47
Q

Types of connective tissue - Specialized form of loose connective tissue; adipocytes store fat droplets within cells (energy storage)

A

Adipose

48
Q

Types of connective tissue - fine reticular fibers arranged in three-dimensional network (spleen, liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes)

A

Reticular connective tissue

49
Q

Types of connective tissue - High concentration of collagen fibers; (regular vs irregular)

A

Dense Connective Tissue

50
Q

Dense connective tissue - tendons and ligaments

A

regular

51
Q

Dense connective tissue - reticular layer of dermis, fibrous pericardium, periosteum, epimysium, epineurium

A

Irregular

52
Q

Elastic fibers arranged in parallel strands or branching networks (artery walls, large respiratory passages)

A

Elastic Connective Tissue

53
Q

Cartilage and bone tissue

A

Supporting connective tissue

54
Q

Semi-rigid connective tissue, matrix has high concentration of fibers

A

Cartilage

55
Q

Very fine collagen fibers within semi-rigid ground substance (parts of larynx, nose, articular cartilages, costal cartilages)

A

Hyaline Cartilage

56
Q

High concentration of elastic fibers within a semi-rigid ground substance (external ear, parts of larynx) (cartilage)

A

Elastic Cartilage

57
Q

Network of large collagen fibers, embedded within a less rigid ground substance (pubic symphysis, intervertebral disks) (cartilage)

A

Fibrocartilage

58
Q

Rigid connective tissue with a mineralized matrix

A

Bone Tissue

59
Q

Ground substance is liquid (blood)

A

Fluid Connective Tissue

60
Q

Matrix consists only of fluid ground substance (plasma) with no fibers

A

Blood

A & P 1 (11 decks)

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