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History > Topic 5: The Cold war > Flashcards

Topic 5: The Cold war Flashcards

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1
Q

Main causes of the cold war?

A
  • Russia and american did not get on and were opponents.
  • Germany was divided - East and West.
  • Divided by the Berlin wall
  • There was no actual fighting although often at the brink of war.
  • Fought using politics, spies and propaganda.
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2
Q

East Germany was controlled by…….

A

Russia

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3
Q

West Germany was controlled by……

A

America

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4
Q

Why did Russia and America find it hard to work together?

A

Communist Russia was a direct contrast to capitalist America. They found it very difficult to work together.

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5
Q

What is capitalist?

A

People keep there own money

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6
Q

What is communist?

A

A fair distribution of wealth among the people - equal wealth

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7
Q

USSR?

A

Russia

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8
Q

Soviet?

A

Political group set up after abolition of the Russian monarchy. This ends up being the basis of the communist party in Russia.

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9
Q

Soviet Union?

A

Communist empire / russia

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10
Q

Soviet control?

A

Russian control

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11
Q

Red army?

A

Russian army, red is the color of communists

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12
Q

‘Buffer Zone’?

A

neutral or protection country, i.e. a country that stopped the spread of communism or capitalism.

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13
Q

After the defeat of Germany in 1945, what problems would the Allies now face?

A
  • How to control Germany
  • Whether Germany would be capitalist or communist.
  • The president and prime-minister will have different views.
  • What should they do with the German people
  • How will they achieve equality among civilians
  • They will have to deal with strong Nazis
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14
Q

What were some of the main differences between USSR and USA?

A
  • Politics - America was capitalist, Russia was communist.
  • Lifestyle - America had freedom and a two-party democracy; Russia had secret police and a one-party state.
  • Aims - America wanted Germany to recover as a trading partner; Russia wanted to weaken Germany and create a buffer zone of friendly states around Russia.
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15
Q

What did Stalin want to do with Germany?

A

Stalin wanted huge reparations from Germany, and a ‘buffer’ of friendly states to protect the USSR from being invaded again.

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16
Q

What did Britain and the USA want to do with Germany?

A

Britain and the USA wanted to protect democracy, and help Germany to recover. They were worried that large areas of eastern Europe were falling under Soviet control.

17
Q

Why Roosevelt’s death was a turning point in the Cold War?

A

This is because of the fact that Roosevelt and Stalin got on well, Truman was very anti communist so as the war finished relations fell apart.

18
Q

How did the USA react to Soviet expansion?

A
  • Truman was concerned
  • 12 Feb 1947 Truman was informed that the British were moving forces out of Greece and Turkey, the soviets would then take control.
  • There for the USA paid for troops to be based there.
  • ‘containment’ polices to stop the spread of communism.
  • The policy was announced at a speech by Truman 12 march 1947 This is known as the Truman Doctrine.
19
Q

When was the containment policy announced?

A

It was announced 12 Feb 1947 by Truman

20
Q

What is the Truman doctrine?

A

This was the speech that Truman made on Feb 1947 to announce the USA’s plan for containment - preventing further spread of communism. Truman said that they were prepared to help any country under threat from communism.

21
Q

What was the Marshall plan?

A

In June 1947, General George Marshall made a visit to Europe to see what was needed. He came away thinking Europe was so poor that the whole of Europe was about to turn Communist. Marshall and Truman asked Congress for $17 billion to fund the European Recovery Programme nicknamed the Marshall Plan - to get the economy of Europe going again. Congress at first hesitated, but agreed in March 1948 when Czechoslovakia turned Communist. The aid was given in the form of food, grants to buy equipment, improvements to transport systems, and everything “from medicine to mules”. Most (70 per cent) of the money was used to buy commodities from US suppliers: $3.5 billion was spent on raw materials; $3.2 billion on food, feed and fertiliser; $1.9 billion on machinery and vehicles; and $1.6 billion on fuel.

22
Q

What were Stalin’s actions in result of the Marshall plan?

A

Stalin forbade the Cominform countries to apply for Marshall Aid.

23
Q

What was the iron curtain?

A

line that separated capitalism with communism. ‘political border’

24
Q

What were the main points that Churchill said in his iron curtain speech?

A
  • ‘All the cities used to be great now they are not’
  • ‘Moscow is like the central, hub of the communist’
  • ‘Cities, losing control and identity, there new capital is moscow.’
25
Q

What was the Berlin Blockade and Berlin airlift?

A
  • Stalin cut off all rail and road links to west Berlin - the Berlin Blockade. The west saw this as an attempt to starve Berlin into surrender, so they decided to supply west Berlin by air.
  • The Berlin Blockade lasted 318 days. During this time, 275,000 planes transported 1.5 million tons of supplies and a plane landed every three minutes at Berlin’s Templehof airport.
26
Q

In the Operation ‘little vittles’ what were the americans veiwed as?

A
  • Good guys
  • Positive propaganda
  • they wanted future generations to support them
  • It was genuine kindness
  • shows they have money and they care.
  • However possible bribing children
  • Motives fabricated?
27
Q

What was operation little vittles?

A

Idea of Liet. Gail S Halvorsen. He was so impressed by the friendliness of the German children he made a promise that he would drop sweets for them the next day. He made small parachutes out of scrap cloth and used them to drop sweets for the children. By Jan 1948 more than 250,000 of these parachutes had been dropped.

28
Q

What was USSR’s response to little vittles?

A

-They discredited stories said it was a bad idea.
Also made up stories that the children had badly damaged a cemetery whilst chasing the candy.
-They were paranoid of capitalism
-Making the pilot feel guilty
- They wanted to reinforce capitalism
-Jealous and bitter

29
Q

Who was to blame for the start of the cold war, USA?

A
  • the Truman Doctrine
  • Berlin airlift
  • Marshall plan
  • Potsdam conference
  • USA threatened USSR with N bomb
30
Q

Who was to blame for the start of the cold war, USSR?

A
  • Russia wanted control of the whole of Germany.
  • The Berlin Block aid stopped a lot of things coming into Germany
  • Yalta conference, Russia did not keep to there agreements.
31
Q

Why could the USSR not trust the USA?

A

The Soviet Union could not forget that in 1918 Britain and the USA had tried to destroy the Russian Revolution.

32
Q

Why could the USA not trust the USSR

A

Britain and the USA could not forget that Stalin had signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact with Germany in 1939.

33
Q

What is the Warsaw pact?

A

Khrushchev set up the Warsaw Pact in 1955 - a military alliance of communist countries - to rival NATO. America responded by increasing the number of NATO troops in Germany.

34
Q

What is NATO?

A
  • NATO stands for the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. This was set up in 1949. It was a military alliance that contained many of the Western European states as well as Canada and the US. The main purpose was to help defend each of its member’s e.g if one member was attacked then all the other countries would help to defend it. When the USSR developed its own Atomic bomb in 1949, NATO seemed even more important because none of the Western European countries had atomic weapons.
  • NATO was important because it proved that the US was committed to protecting and defending Western Europe. Stalin didn’t see NATO as a defensive alliance; he saw it as a direct threat to the USSR. The formation of NATO meant that the US was able to have air bases in Western Europe where planes that were armed with nuclear weapons would be ready to use in the case of an attack.
35
Q

Why the USA and the USSR were suspicious of each other in the years after the Second World War.

A

They did not trust each other. They had very different political ideology. they both wanted to do very different things with Germany.

36
Q

What was the cold war?

A

This was a war that was not fought with weapons but was a war fought in politics, ideology and spies. It was called a war because of the fact that a lot of the time it was on the brink of war.

History (19 decks)

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