Britain - Liberal Reforms

Question 1

Conservatives?

Answer 1

Right Wing, capitalist. Mostly the rich would support them.

Question 2

Labour?

Answer 2

Left Wing - more towards communism - socialism and fair distribution of wealth.

Question 3

Liberals?

Answer 3

Inbetween the two. They believe in government intervention.

Question 4

Why did the liberal government want to help the poor people at the start of the 20th Century?

Answer 4

• The difference between the rich and poor was a large gap.
• The works of Seebohn and Booth showed the poor were not lazy.
• 2 thirds of people couldn’t join the army because of poor health.
• Weak work force
• Country was verging closer to communism because of the gap between rich and poor.

Question 5

What was the general attitude towards poverty?

Answer 5

• People thought you were poor because you were lazy and work shy. You would be able to change if you wanted.

Question 6

How did ‘The salvation Army’ help the poor?

Answer 6

Helped to feed and house the poor, set up in East London in 1865.

Question 7

How did ‘Dr Banardos’ help the poor?

Answer 7

• Provide help and care for children, mostly boys. Also helped children get a good education. Set up in 1870.

Question 8

Who was Charles Booth and what did he work out?

Answer 8

He and his team were looking into poverty in London and studied over 4,000 people. he believed that the state should do something about poverty. He saw that 31% of Londoners were living below the poverty line.

Question 9

Who was Seebohm Rowntree and what did he find out?

Answer 9

Carried out an investigation in York. Results of ‘A study of Town life’ were published in 1901. 28% in York lived below the poverty line. he believed measures needed to be taken to improve the condition of people who were unemployed, at old age or in ill health.

Question 10

What was significant about the research into poverty?

Answer 10

• It showed that the poor people were not being given any opportunity’s to get off there feet and were therefore remaining poor.

Question 11

Population in the time of liberal reforms?

Answer 11

45 million.

Question 12

How many people qualified for a state pension?

Answer 12

Only around half a million. Restrictions were put in place for people who didn’t deserve it.

Question 13

Five restrictions for Pensions act?

Answer 13

• Older then 70.
• Income, less then £21 a year.
• Lived in Britain for 20 years.
• Hadn’t been in prison for 10 years.
• Had not been work shy.

Question 14

How many people had insurance for sickness?

Answer 14

10 million men, 4 million women.

Question 15

Two restrictions for national insurance for sickness?

Answer 15

• Income of less then £160.

- You need to have made contributions to it.

Question 16

How many people had insurance for unemployment?

Answer 16

2.28 million workers.

Question 17

How was unemployment insurance limited?

Answer 17

Seasonal industry, ship building, building.

Question 18

What happened to the poor law?

Answer 18

In 1909, the liberals had a chance to change it, how ever it was quashed. It remained for another 20 years.

Question 19

Who was responsible for carrying out most of the reforms?

Answer 19

The local councils.

Question 20

How many school meals were being cooked for children by 1914?

Answer 20

14 million school meals were being cooked for 158,000 children.

Question 21

How did Lolyd George plan to raise money for the reforms?

Answer 21

Tax the Rich.

Question 22

What happened in January 1910 after the general election?

Answer 22

After the liberals won the election in January 1910, the house of lords and commons agreed to increase the budget.

Question 23

Year of The pensions act?

Answer 23

1908?

Question 24

The Labour Exchages Act?

Answer 24

1909 - People could go to the exchange to get a job. It was easy and the most successful act.

Question 25

The national insurance act?

Answer 25

1911 - People had to join, people paid 4d for stamps on card. Employers contributed 3d and government 2d. Workers got 26 weeks of pay when ill.

Question 26

The national insurance act 2?

Answer 26

1912 - people who were unemployed. Workers paid insurance per week to the government, that could be paid back for 15 weeks when unemployed. Free medical care was also available

Question 27

Free school meals act?

Answer 27

1906 - Paid from local rates, by 1914 158,000 children had these meals.

Question 28

School medical inspections?

Answer 28

1907 - Compulsory, but until 1912 parents have to pay for treatment.

Question 29

School clinics?

Answer 29

1912 - Free medical treatment for parents who couldn’t afford for there children.

Question 30

The Children’s Act?

Answer 30

1908 - Children looked at as protected people. U14s not allowed into pubs and U16s couldn’t buy fags.

Question 31

The Boer war?

Answer 31

1899 - Fighting Boer settlers in SA. Young men deemed unfit.

Question 32

Labour Party 1900s?

Answer 32

• All socialist partys joined together.
• Pledged to get better living conditions for the working class and distribute the countries wealth.
• Libs, afraid they would take votes

Question 33

General electron 1906, seats.

Answer 33

400 libs
157 conc
83 nationalists
29 lab.

Question 34

‘New liberals’

Answer 34

young, challaged traditial liberal views that people should be free to work out there own solutions.
Provide framework to live in a country in security and freedom.
Seen works of Booth and Rowntree.

Question 35

Responsibility?

Answer 35

local authorites
providing piped water, sewage syestems, lighting streets
Done of local scale.

Question 36

Effects of Free School Meals 1906?

Answer 36

• Encouraged children to go to school
• Expensive
• Most children didn’t go to school, not effective

Question 37

Effects of School Medical inspections 1907?

Answer 37

• Didn’t help with poverty
• Many children could not afford medical care if something was wrong.
• made school attractive
• made people aware of health issues
• lots of people use it.

Question 38

Effects of school clinics 1912?

Answer 38

• Expensive
• does not help poverty
• lots of people going to use it
• Quality varied
• people could now afford medical care.
• Helps improve future forces for Germany and America.

Question 39

Effects of The Childrens act 1908?

Answer 39

• Hard to enforce
• Children may become difficult to manage
• hard to prosecute parents
• Goes against tradition
• More laws needed.
• Gives britain a better reputation

Question 40

Effects of The labour exchanges act 1909?

Answer 40

• Not alot of money
• Simple, cheap
• gets people back on feet
• most succsesful

Question 41

effects of The National Issurance Act 1911?

Answer 41

Positive

• Healthier workforce
• people get paid when ill
• More efficiant workforce
• Gov didn’t contribute to much, less pressure on taxes
• many used

Negatives

• You could be saked when ill
• costly for employers
• People could take advantage
• Takes money from earnings.
• Medical care expensive

Question 42

Neg of PartII 1912?

Answer 42

• expensive for govenment.

Question 43

Effects of pensions act 1908?

Answer 43

• Rich land owners taxed heavily
  = why help when its there fault
• Didnt deserve if didnt work
• worried people would become dependant on government
• aging population, more helathcare, homes needed.

Question 44

What was the pensions acts seen as?

Answer 44

A reward for hard work.

• poeple not having to look after erdely
• They would get more votes.

Question 45

The poor law?

Answer 45

1815
The Poor Law was the way that the poor were helped in 1815. The law said that each parish had to look after its own poor. If you were unable to work then you were given some money to help you survive. However, the cost of the Poor Law was increasing every year. By 1830 it cost about £7 million and criticism of the law was mounting.

Question 46

The Poor Law Amendment Act

Answer 46

1834
Now if people wanted help they had to go into a workhouse to get it. The poor were given clothes and food in the workhouse in exchange for several hours of manual labour each day. Families were split up inside the workhouse. People had to wear a type of uniform, follow strict rules and were on a bad diet of bread and watery soup. Conditions were made so terrible that only those people who desperately needed help would go there.