Int Relations and Deutschland: Gaps in knowledge Flashcards
Opposition to Hitler: Archbishop
The Catholic Archbishop of Munster, von Galen led a successful campaign to end euthanasia of mentally disabled people.
Opposition to Hitler: White Rose group
Formed by Students at Munich University. Published anti-Germany leaflets but were discovered and executed in 1944.
Opposition to Hitler: Edelweiss Pirates
Violent group, beat up Nazi officials.
Opposition to Hitler: Swing Youth
Gathered and played Swing music, not accepted in the society.
Nazi Economic policy?
Full Employment
Beauty of work
Re-armament
Autarky
Full Employment?
The idea that everyone should have a job. By 1939, there was virtually no unemployment in Germany.
Beauty of Work?
The Nazis set up the SdA (Beauty of Work) to help Germans see that work was good, and that everyone who could work should. In fact - because the Nazis had abolished the trade unions, banned strikes, and given more power to the industrialists - real wages fell and hours were longer under Hitler.
Re-armament?
Begun in 1935 - the idea of ‘guns before butter’.
Autarky
There was an unsuccessful attempt at making Germany self-sufficient.
How did Hitler increase jobs?
Stopped paying reparations Rearmament. Jews were sacked Women were sacked Public works
Public works that created jobs?
He also built public buildings such as the 1936 Olympic Stadium. The construction of the autobahns created work for 80,000 men.
What was the RAD?
The labour service in which young men in Germany had to do a six-month compulsory stint. ] and then they were conscripted into the army.
Jews: How many murdered? Calories? Gas Chambers?
6 million
200 Cals a day
2000 in a single gas chamber.
How much money was Marshall plan?
$15 billion.
How much money was the Dawes plan?
500 million marks.
What were the Nuremberg Laws?
Jews could not be citizens. They were not allowed to vote or to marry a German.
Progression of Persecution of the Jews? 1933.
- Boycott of Jewish businesses.
- Jewish civil servants, lawyers and teachers sacked.
- Race Science lessons to teach that Jews are untermensch.
Progression of Persecution of the Jews? 1935
- ‘Jews not wanted here’ signs put up at swimming pools etc.
- Nuremberg laws (15 September) Jews could not be citizens. They were not allowed to vote or to marry a German.
Progression of Persecution of the Jews? 1938
- Jews could not be doctors.
- Jews had to add the name Israel (men) or Sarah (women) to their name.
- Jewish children forbidden to go to school.
- Kristallnacht (9 November) - attacks on Jewish homes, businesses and synagogues.
Kristallnacht? (Night of the broken glass)
- Kristallnacht (9 November) - attacks on Jewish homes, businesses and synagogues.
Progression of Persecution of the Jews? 1939
- Jews were forbidden to own a business, or own a radio.
- Jews were forced to live in ghettoes.
Progression of Persecution of the Jews? 1941
- Army Einsatzgruppen squads in Russia started mass-shootings of Jews.
- All Jews were forced to wear a yellow star of David.
Progression of Persecution of the Jews? 1942
- Wansee Conference (20 January) decided on the Final Solution, which was to gas all Europe’s Jews. The main death camps were at Auschwitz, Treblinka and Sobibor.
What is the Rhineland?
Land that had been taken away in the TofV.
What was the Nazi Soviet pact?
Alliance between Hitler and Stalin which agreed to divide Poland between the two countries.
What was the Anglo Polish Common Defense Pact?
This agreement offered mutual military assistance in the event that one country was attacked by another European country.
What was in place to get women to have children?
- The Law for the Encouragement of Marriage gave newly wed couples a loan of 1,000 marks, and allowed them to keep 250 marks for each child they had.
- Mothers who had more than eight children were given a gold medal.
- Unmarried women could volunteer to have a baby for an Aryan member of the SS.
Election 1928 pre wall St crash
Election of May 20th 1928: the Nazis received 2.6% of the popular vote and 12 seats in the Reichstag out of a total of 491 seats.
Election 1933
Election of March 5th 1933: the Nazis received 43.9% of the popular vote and 288 seats in the Reichstag out of a total of 647 seats.
Election 1930 post wall St crash
Election of September 14th 1930: the Nazis received 18.3% of the popular vote and 107 seats in the Reichstag out of a total of 577 seats.
Golden Years of Wiemar Germany?
1924-1929
The Dawes Plan?
1924
- Agreement between Germmnay and her former enemys regarding reperation payments
- Large loan of 800 million dollars to aid Germnay to get back on feet.
- As a result Germany boomed and became known as the night life capital of europe.
The Locarno Pact?
1925
- Under Streseman, signed a pact at Locarno in Swizland which stated that German French Belgian Czech and Polish neighbours would all agree to a major conference if differences should occur about borders
- Designed to stop war.
- Streesmen then won Noble Peace prize in 1926.
The German entry to the league of nations?
1926
- Designed to stop war by negotiation in the light of WWI.
- 1933 - Hitler leaves, conference in Geneva
The kellogg - Briand Treaty?
1928
- Signed Treaty that stated that war is not the correct way to settle disputes
The Young Plan?
1929
Signed in October, same month Stressman died
Cut Germany’s reparation payments by 75%.
Wall Street Crash?
1929 - Americans needed money back from Dawes plan.
Leaders on White Rose Group
Hans Scholl, Sophie Scholl,
