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History > Topic 2: Weimar > Flashcards

Topic 2: Weimar Flashcards

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1
Q

How to answer 4 mark question?

A

4 points, or 2 explained

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2
Q

How to answer 6 mark question ?

A
  • Point- make clear what the paragraph is about.
  • Examples- specific 2-3 examples per paragraph
  • Explanation- link back to question.
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3
Q

What did french and Belgian troops do in Jan 1923?

A

Invasion on the Ruhr

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4
Q

Terms of the TofV?

A
  • made to reduce the size of the army
  • made to pay reparations
  • Sign the blame clause
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4
Q

What did the germans do in response to this?

A

Passive resistance

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5
Q

What was the reason for occupying the Ruhr area in particular?

A

It was the biggest industrial area

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6
Q

Why was there hyperinflation a this time?

A

This was due to the TofV. The government was forced to print more money to pay back other countries such as france.

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7
Q

What was the problem for Germany by adopting this tactic?

A

They didnt get any profit from Ruhr

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8
Q

Define passive resistance?

A

Non violent approach to authority etc… Refuse to do something.

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9
Q

Effects of hyperinflation different types of people?

A

Old people living on pensions struggled because all of a sudden there pensions were worthless.
Workers , as long as they had a job were to some extent protected because they were simply payed higher to keep up.
Those who had taken out debts or had loans benefited because they did not have to pay back as much.
The rich who had land were protected
Businessmen were able to take advantage by taking over smaller companies

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10
Q

why did hyperinflation occur?

A
  • printing loads of money in order to keep up with reparations.
  • debts of ww1
  • t of v
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11
Q

how sucsessful were the government at getting rid of problems in 1923-1928

A

locarno treties-1925 countrys had to respect each others borders
germany entered leage of nations- peace between nations
young plan-reperations repayments were lowered
Daws plane-1924 Germany recived big loan from america
The Kellogg briand treaty 1928 no one could use war as a settling of disputes
Leage of natons 1925 working to gether for peace

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12
Q

what issues were not solved?

A

the government was still heavily unstable(coilitions)
extreams of wealth
unemployment.

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13
Q

When was the Munich putsch

A

1923

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14
Q

Infomation about the munich putsch

A

-beer hall putsch
-on 9 nov 3,000 nazis, led by hitlEr marched of munich
- they thought the police would join them but they didnt
16 nazis were killed
Hitlar made long speeches critisising the government

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15
Q

What was the culture expansion like in weimar?

A 
Theatre 
Paintings 
Cinima 
Architecture-
Cabarets and nightlife- berlin became famous for this-transvestite balls-daring floor shows such as naked dancing-people who didnt live in berlin found this shocking.
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17
Q

Culture - Cabarets and nightlife

A

Cabarets and nightlife- berlin became famous for this-transvestite balls-daring floor shows such as naked dancing-people who didnt live in berlin found this shocking.

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18
Q

Culture - Theatre

A

1920s Zeittheater and Zeitoper theatre and opera.

Pieces were set in the time of weimar. Etc street sweepers sweeping up money because it had no worth

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19
Q

Culture - Paintings

A 
Paintings showed urban middle class and upper class nightclubs.
New artists reflected the new society or everyday life.
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20
Q

Culture - Cinema

A

Fritz lang, one of the best know directors

Films were very technically advanced.

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20
Q

What did Hitler learn from the munich putsch.

A

Hitlar had a revelation. He realised that he could not take the government by force, he had to be voted in to power

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21
Q

Culture - Architecture

A

New group emerged called the Bauhaus (art and technology and new unity)
There approach was very different
New chairs, built in cupboards town halls and massive housing estates.

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22
Q

What happened to Hitler after the munich putsch.

A

He was arrested

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23
Q

What years were the golden years of weimar germany?

A

1924-1929

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24
Q

What happened in the golden years of weimar

A 
The young plan 
The daws plan 1924
The locarno treaty 1925
Leage of nations 1925
The kellogg briand treaty 1928
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25
Q

What were the events that threatened the weimar republic?

A 
Kapp and spartisits putsches
Invasion of the Ruhr 
Government was a coalition
Hyper inflation 
Passive resistance 
The freikorps 
Army 
Tb
Angry germans 
T of v 
Strikes 
Munich putsh
26
Q

What were the issues with the economy

A

Composed of smaller parties

27
Q

What currency did stressman introduce??

A

The rentemark

28
Q

Two facts about the Kapp putsch?

A
  • They wanted democracy

- They weren’t supported by the army

29
Q

These features of the Republic served to ensure that it was the perfect democracy:

A

A Bill of Rights guaranteed every German citizen freedom of speech and religion, and equality under the law.
All men and women over the age of 20 were given the vote. This was even better than Britain where only women over 30 could vote.
There was an elected president and an elected Reichstag (parliament).
The Reichstag made the laws and appointed the government, which had to do what the Reichstag wanted.

30
Q

However, hidden in the detail were two flaws that eventually destroyed the Republic:

A
  • Proportional representation - instead of voting for an MP, like we do in Britain, Weimar Germans voted for a party. Each party was then allocated seats in the Reichstag exactly reflecting (proportional’ to) the number of people who had voted for it. This sounds fair, but in practice it was a disaster it resulted in dozens of tiny parties, with no party strong enough to get a majority, and, therefore, no government to get its laws passed in the Reichstag. This was a major weakness of the Republic.
  • Article 48 - this said that, in an emergency, the president did not need the agreement of the Reichstag, but could issue decrees. The problem with this was that it did not say what an emergency was, and in the end, it turned out to be a back door that Hitler used to take power legally.
31
Q

Article 48?

A

this said that, in an emergency, the president did not need the agreement of the Reichstag, but could issue decrees. The problem with this was that it did not say what an emergency was, and in the end, it turned out to be a back door that Hitler used to take power legally.

32
Q

What was the Kapp Putsch?

A

In March 1920, there was a rebellion - the Kapp Putsch - that aimed to set up a new government as the rebels were angry at them for signing the Treaty of Versailles.

33
Q

When was the Kapp Putsch?

A

In March 1920.

34
Q

The Weimar government’s main crisis occurred in 1923, when the Germans failed to make a reparations payment on time, which set off a train of events that included:

A
  • a French invasion of the Ruhr
  • a general strike
  • runaway inflation - hyperinflation
  • a number of communist rebellions
  • an attempted Nazi putsch in Munich
35
Q

When was the Spartacists putsch?

A

In Jan 1919

36
Q

What was the Spartacists putsch?

A

In Jan 1919, 50,000 Spartacists rebelled in Berlin, led by the Communists Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Leibknecht.

37
Q

What was the Munich Putsch?

A

This was a attempt of taking over power by Hitler and the Nazi party. It took place in bear hall so it is normally called the bear hall putsch. It took place on the on the 9th of november 1923, 16 Nazis were killed when the Nazi party marched through Munich the sam day.

38
Q

When was the Munich Putsch?

A

9th November 1923

39
Q

Freikorps?

A

A group of Ex-soliders in germany who became a volunteer army.

40
Q

Stresemann?

A

Chancellor & Foreign Minister of Germany 1923-29

41
Q

Ebert?

A

First president on the new Weimar Republic

42
Q

Weimar Republic?

A

the democratic government that took over Germany after the abdication of the Kaiser.

43
Q

Kaiser?

A

the German emperor

44
Q

What happened to the Kaiser at the end of WW1?

A

Exciled to Holland

45
Q

Effects of WW1 in Germany?

A
  • Hyper inflation
  • Weak Democracy
  • Borders reduced
46
Q

How was Germany punished by other countries after WW1?

A
  • They were forced to pay for damages
  • ‘Blame Clause’
  • Invaded by France for not paying reparations
  • reduce size of army.
47
Q

when is the Munich Putsch?

A

1923

48
Q

What is hyper inflation?

A
  • The sudden flood of paper money into the economy, on top of the general strike - which meant that no goods were manufactured, so there was more money, chasing fewer goods - combined with a weak economy ruined by the war, all resulted in hyperinflation.
  • Prices ran out of control - eg a loaf of bread, which cost 250 marks in January 1923 had risen to 200,000 million marks in November 1923. German’s currency became worthless.
49
Q

What was the invasion of the Ruhr?

A

This was when the French invaded the Ruhr (a industrial area in the east of Germany) for not paying reparations. the Ruhr was a big coal mining place.

50
Q

Why did the Wiemar Republic face opposition between 1919 and 1923?

A
  • the terms of the TofV were blamed on Wiemar because they signed it.
  • The threat of hyper inflation meant that the workers wanted to revolt against the government.
  • the reichstag was composed of smaller parties so it was not very decisive.
  • Many Germans felt loyalty towards the Kaiser.
51
Q

What was the Dawes plan, 1924?

A

Agreement between Germany and former enemies regarding reparation payments.

52
Q

What is the Locarno Pact, 1925?

A

This was designed to protect borders and stop war

53
Q

What is the Liege of nations, 1926?

A

Avoid war through negotiation instead of war. Hitler breaks this is 1936

54
Q

What is the Kellogg - Briand treaty, 1928?

A

To say that way should never be fought and that negotiation is the way forward

55
Q

The young plan, 1929?

A

Decrease the reparations by 75%.

56
Q

What is the League of nations, 1926?

A

Avoid war through negotiation instead of war. Hitler breaks this is 1936

57
Q

Who is Stressman?

A

The man who made the Young plan, Entered Germany into the League of nations and made the Locarno Pact.

58
Q

What was the TofV?

A
  • The League of Nations was created. This did happen even if Germany was initially excluded from it.
  • Land had to be handed over the Poland, France, Belgium and Denmark. This did happen - all the land Germany was required to hand over, was handed over. Territory put under League of Nations control was handed over to the League.
  • All overseas colonies were to be handed over to the League. This did happen.
  • All land taken from Russia had to be handed back to Russia. This did happen though land in the western area became Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia in keeping with the belief in national self-determination.
  • Germany’s army had to be reduced to 100,000 men. On paper this happened. The fact that Germany side-stepped the rule did not mean that she literally broke it - though what she did was a deliberate attempt to break this term. –German soldiers in the 1920’s were signed on for a short contract of service and then put in the reserves once their time had finished. Therefore, Germany never had more than 100,000 soldiers serving at any one time though she certainly had substantial reserve soldiers which boosted Hitler when he renounced the clauses of Versailles.
  • Germany’s navy was reduced to 6 battleships with no submarines. This happened. Germany could not afford battleships in the aftermath of the war and most navies were now moving to smaller (by degrees), faster ships that could also carry weapons that carried a punch - such as cruisers. Aircraft carriers were also being developed with greater commitment. Submariners were trained abroad - Versailles did not cover this, so it did not break the terms of Versailles - only the spirit.
  • No air force was allowed. This happened but as with submariners, potential pilots were trained abroad or using gliders in Germany to educate them in the theory of flying. This did not break Versailles.
  • Western Germany was to be demilitarised. This happened.
  • Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria. This happened.
  • Germany had to accept the “War Guilt Clause” and pay reparations. The former happened in the sense that -Germany signed the Treaty which meant that she accepted this term on paper - if not in fact. Germany did try and pay reparations when she could do so. She did not refuse to pay in 1922. She simply could not produce what was needed that year and this led to the French invasion of the Ruhr. In the 1920’s it was the Allies who took the decision to reduce reparations and eased Germany’s plight in so doing. The first instance of refusal to pay reparations came in 1933 when Hitler announced that Germany would not pay - and the Allies did nothing.
59
Q

What triggered the great depression?

A

The wall street crash

60
Q

What was the wall St crash ?

A

When the Wall Street stock market crashed in October 1929, the world economy was plunged into the Great Depression. By the winter of 1932, America was in the depths of the greatest economic depression in its history.
The number of unemployed people reached upwards of 13 million. Many people lived in primitive conditions close to famine.

61
Q

The structure of the Wiemar Constitution.

A

President - Chancellor - Reichstag - German people. The president has to go through the chancellor and the Reichstag to get to the people. This can be bypassed using Article 48.

62
Q

How did Germany emerge from defeat in the First World War?

A

Germany emerged in a bad way. There was heavy reparations enforced. Currency became worthless because of reparations and no trade

History (19 decks)

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