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GCSE Physics > Topic 5 - Forces > Flashcards

Topic 5 - Forces Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Moment?

A

A moment is a turning force, it causes rotation.

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2
Q

What is equilibrium?

In terms of forces.

A

Equilibrium is when there is no net moment - the anti-clockwise moment = the clockwise moment.

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3
Q

What is the equation for a moment?

A

Moment = Force x perpendicular distance from pivot to line of action of the force.

M = F x d

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4
Q

What is a lever?

A

A lever is a force multiplier, the longer the lever, the greater the force.

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5
Q

What is effort?

A

Effort is the force applied to something like a lever.

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6
Q

What are gears?

A

Gears are components which transfer rotational force from one area to another.

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7
Q

What is a fluid?

A

Any substance that can flow

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8
Q

What is the equation for pressure?

A

Pressure = Force/Area

p =F/A

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9
Q

What causes gas pressure?

A

Everytime particles hit the side of a container, the particles exert a force at right angles to the container walls.

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10
Q

What is the unit for pressure?

A

Pascals or N/m

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11
Q

What is upthrust?

A

the upward force that a liquid or gas exerts on a body floating in it.

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12
Q

What causes upthrust?

A

upthrust exists because the pressure at the top of an object is less than the pressure at the bottom of an object.

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13
Q

What is upthrust equal to?

A

Upthrust is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by an object.

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14
Q

What determines if an object can float?

A

It’s density - if the density is higher than the fluid it’s in, it will sink.
Vice versa.

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15
Q

What is Distance Vs Displacement?

A

Distance - How far you have gone(scalar)
Displacement - How far you have gone from you start point with direction.(Vector)

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16
Q

What are scalars?

A

Scalars are quantities which have magnitude

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17
Q

What are vectors?

A

Vectors are quantities which have a magnitude and direction

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18
Q

What are the 6 typical values of speed

A

1.walking - 1.5m/s
2.running - 3m/s
3. Cycling - 6m/s
4. Car - 25m/s
5. Train - 55m/s
6. Plane - 250m/s

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19
Q

What is the difference between speed and velocity?

A

Speed is a scalar, velocity is a vector

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20
Q

In free body diagrams, where should weight be drawn from?

A

The centre of gravity

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21
Q

What is the technique for scale drawings?

A
  1. Pick a suitable scale
  2. Tip-to-tail rule
  3. Do a rough sketch
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22
Q

What does resolving forces mean?

A

Resolving forces are when a resultant force is split into its 2 component vectors, vertical components and horizontal component.

23
Q

What does equilibrium mean?

A

No net force.

24
Q

What is the equation for work done?

A

Work don = force x distance moved in direction of force

W = F x s

25
Q

What is an elastic object?

A

An elastic object is one which returns to its original shape and size, when the force is removed. Up to a limit of proportionality

26
Q

What is Hooke’s law?

A

Hooke’s law stated that the extension for any elastic object is directly proportional to the force applied. Provided the limit of proportionality is not exceeded.

27
Q

What is the equation for elastic potential energy?

A

Ep = 1/2ke^2

28
Q

What 2 factors affect top speed?

A
  1. Streamline
  2. Power
29
Q

What is Newtons first law?

A

An object will remain at constant speed or at rest, unless a resultant force acts on it

30
Q

What is Newtons 2nd law

A

Objects will accelerate in the direction of a resultant force

31
Q

What is the equation linking force, mass and acceleration

A

Force = mass x acceleration

F = m x a

32
Q

What is inertia?

A

Inertia is the reluctance of an object to change its state of motion.

33
Q

What is stopping distance?

A

Braking distance+thinking distance

34
Q

What factors affect thinking distance?

A

1.alcohol/drugs
2.tiredness
3.speed
4.age

35
Q

What are some examples of vector quantities?

A
  1. Force
  2. Velocity
  3. Displacement
  4. Acceleration
  5. Momentum
36
Q

What are some examples of scalar quantities?

A
  1. Speed
  2. Distance
  3. Mass
  4. Temperature
  5. Time
37
Q

What is an interaction pair?

A

A pair of forces that are equal and opposite and act on two interacting objects.

38
Q

What is the equation linking Force, mass and gravity?

A

Force = mass x gravitational field strength
F=mg

39
Q

What is the relationship between joules and newton metres?

A

1 Joule = 1 Newton metre
1J = 1Nm

40
Q

What is the equation linking pressure, height, density and GFS?

A

Pressure = height x density x gravitational field strength
p = hρg

41
Q

What is Newton’s 3rd law?

A

When 2 objects interact, the forces they exert on eachother are equal and opposite

42
Q

What is a system?

A

A group of objects which interact

43
Q

What are the 2 suvat equations?

A
  1. a=(v-u)/t
    acceleration= (final - initial velocity)/time
  2. a=(v^2-u^2)/2s
    acceleration= (final^2-initial^2)/2s
44
Q

What factors affect braking distance?

A

1.speed
2.condition if brakes/tyres
3.wet/icy roads
4.mass

45
Q

How is speed related to thinking distance?

A

Thinking distance is directly proportional to the scale factor of the speed increase

46
Q

How does braking distance change with speed?

A

It increases with the square of the scale factor of the speed increase

47
Q

What is the equation for momentum?

A

momentum = mass x velocity

p = m x v

48
Q

What is the law of conservation of momentum?

A

In a closed system, the total momentum before a collision or explosion is equal to the total momentum after.

49
Q

What is the equation linking force, momentum and time?

A

force = change in momentum/time

F = Δp/t

50
Q

What are 3 components of car safety?

A
  1. seat belt
  2. airbags
  3. crumple zones
51
Q

What do seat belts do in an impact?

A
  1. made of elastic material, so it stretches
  2. thus increasing the time of impact
  3. so less force is transfered to the passenger
52
Q

What do airbags do in an impact

A

sensors in the bumper detect a collision, which causes an explosion, inflating the airbag, this increases the time of the impact.

53
Q

What do crumple zones do in an impact?

A

Deforms and breaks on impact, thus increasing the time of collision

54
Q

How much momentum is there before an explosion?

A

NONE

GCSE Physics (9 decks)

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