Topic 4 - Atomic Structure Flashcards
What determines which element something is?
The atomic number
Where does radioactivity come from?
The nuclei of the decay of unstable isotopes
What are the 3 types of radiation?
Alpha - α
Beta - β
Gamma - γ
What is Half-life?
The time it takes for half of the radioactive particles in a sample to decay and emit radiation.
Can you predict when a particular radioactive isotope will decay?
No. Radiation is random and spontaneous.
Is radiation affected by external factors?
No
What does CPM stand for?
Counts per minute
What does activity mean, and what is it measured in?
Activity is the decays per second, and is measured in Becquerels (Bq)
What does irradiation mean?
Irradiation is when a material is exposed to radiation
What are 3 precautions to reduce exposure to radiation during experiments?
1.Stand in another room
2.Stand behind a shield
3.Radioactive source stored in a lead lined conatiner.
What does contamination mean?
Contamination is when a radioactive material comes into contact with something else.
What is radiation dose measured in?
Sieverts - Svi
What are the risks of radiation?
It mutates cells, kills DNA and can lead to cancer.
What are the uses of radiation?
- Radioactive tracers
- Radiotherapy
- sterilising surgical equipment
- Radiography
- Smoke alarms
What element is used in smoke alarms?
Americium 241, is used as an alpha emitter
