Topic 5 Flashcards
Describe the different types of skill
- Cognitive/intellectual: Careful, thoughtful approach to a task, little movement (game Intelligence, Spatial awareness, pattern recognition)
- Perseptual: Process by which you sense things and interpret them (decision making environment/opponent)
- Motor: A voluntary body movement with a predetermined end result, little thinking, (runing, swimming, catching)-> gross movements
- perceptual motor skills: Interpret environment, followed by a movement response (triggered by position of opponent/teammate)
Define the term skill
skill is the consistent production of goal-oriented movements, which are learned and specific to the task
Outline the different approaches to classifying motor skills/ Compare skill profiles for contrasting sports
Gross-large movements using large muscles or involving whole muscle groups Ex: rolling over, Kicking, flipping
Fine-Small and intricate movements, using small muscles often at the extremities Ex: fingers, foes, wrists, tongue
open-a skill performed in an unstable environment, where the environmental stimuli determines the initiation of the movement
closed -performed in a stationary environment, and it highly controlled by an Individual, who dictates the initiation. Often easier
Discrete-brief and defined actions that have a definitive start and end to their movement. Single, specific actions. Ex i penalty kick
Serial -I sequence of discrete skills joined together to create a greater movement EX: triple jump
continuous -has no obvious beginning or end, actions are repeated in a cyclical form EX: running
Externally paced -The environment (including opponents)control the pace at which the skill is executed, these factors will affect
the performance and must be taken Into account by the performer. Typically open skills.
Internally paced-performer dictates the rate of speed that the skills are performed, often comprise of closed skills (dart throw
individual-skills performed In Isolation EX: high Jump
Coactive -skills that may be performed in unison with other competitors, but do not involve direct confrontation or contact Ex: Swimming
Interactive -Skills performed where others are directly involved, such as game sports EX: football
outline ability
Ability refers to a general train or capacity of the individual that is related to the performance potential of a
variety of skills or tasks
Distinguish between Fleishmas physical proficiency abilities and perceptual motor abilities
Physical (gross motor) abilities - health
- Dynamic strength - Static strength
- Extent flexibility
- Explosive strength
Perceptual (psychomotor) abilities
· control precision multi-limb coordination Reaction time
· response orientation speed of arm movement
↳ controlling a percise movements
Define the term technique
· The way in which that sports skill is performed
State the relationship between ability, skill, and technique
Skill = ability + selection of an appropriate technique
Discuss the differences between a skilled and a novice performer
Feature skilled Novice
Consistency · high · low
Accuracy · high · low
Learned nature · good/autonomous · poor/cognitive
Control · high · low
efficiency · high · low
Certainty · high · low
fluency Smooth · errantic
goal direction · good · poor
Describe the simple model of information processing
Input Decision making output
Feedback
Describe Welford’s model of information processing
Sense organs receiving stimulis from outside the body
Perception
Short term store
Descision making —— Long term store
Effector control
Effectors
Outline the components associated with sensory input
fully aware (consious)
1. Exteroceptors: receive extrinsic information from outside the body (from the display)
visual. Audition. Torch· Smell. Taste
-> sensory nerve end receptors/sense organs that are located in the skin/oral carity/eyes/ears/nose
2. Proprioreceptors: to do with coordination -nerve receptors slightly aware (consious)
-Info gathered from Inside the body’(muscle, joints, inner ear)
-register Stimuli such as stretch/tension/awareness of body position in space
↳ ex: doing a backflip
3. interoceptors not aware (subconscious)
Info gathered from Inside the body
main interoceptors are sensory nerve end receptors and respond to potentially damaging stimuli/pain
· Pass info from within the body internal organs (heart to longs vie nervous system)
↳ regulate various functions of the body
Kinzesthetic information/proprioception (body awareness)-the Inner sense within the muscles, tendons and joints, which glves automatic internal
information about the position of joints and the tension in the muscles.
Explain the signal-detection process
Perception -process by which brain Interprets and makes sense of the information it is receiving from the sensory organs
1. Detection-Identification of the stimulus
2. Comparison-gathered Stimuli compared to memory stores
3. Recognition -the stimuli is matched to one stored memory
Distinguish between the characteristics of short term sensory store, short term memory and long term memory
short-term memory: Ability to remember and modify what we learnt, pass out the appropriate Information via the body’s effector system
↳ recieve relevent information, interpet it, use it to make decisions
Three aspects of memory; short-term sensory store, short-term memory, long-term memory
sis-all incoming information is held briefly here. Info is lost within 0. 5 seconds If not attended to (processed mentally/physically)
If the info is processed or rehearsed; it is passed to the STM
Discuss the relationship between selection attention and memory
selective attention: type of memory where you can only focus on one thing (no multitasking)
↳ both play a role In competitive play in sports, where performers must recall and retrieve knowledge from the LTS of their memory, but utilize the
skill of selective attention In order to only reall the memories Vital for the skill/performance being done.
football -you may rub all of the training done, but /selective attention, you recall and only think about where you have to go
Filtering -a mechanism which separates relevant info from Irrelevant information. This means performer can focus on the one cue/stimulus
which is important and Ignore other (cves).
SA/filtering is especially important for accuracy and/or fast responses
Compare different methods of memory improvements
it can occur in any sensory modality
verbal -> repeating information over and over either aloud or silently
motor -> drawing or writing info or performing a sequence of actions repeatedly
Visual looking at Info over and over
Auditory -listening to the info
-The more sensory modalities used In the repition of info, the move likely that info will be remembered
chunking
different pieces of info can be grouped (or chucked)together then remembered as one piece of Info
Ex: Instead of trying to remember each separate move made by each player In a line-out in rugby or a penalty corner In hockey,
2 player might remember the whole drill as a single number
coding-naming t labelling sets of info that can help us learn
Brevity-making it consice, dont over explain
clarity -the quality of being clear and concise, avoid learning 2 similar things at once as it can dispropt the clarity
organisation -arraging and structuring info in a logical way, grouping them accordingly meaning fully (often use imagery
Association -your memory increased when familiar to you (context)
Practice -no skill is learned without practice. Practice moves the Image of the skill between STM and LTM and by doing this it helps
create a memory trace/pathway
