Topic 11

Question 1

Distinguish between traditional and non-linear padagogy in sports

Answer 1

Traditional:
- The coach makes all decisions for athletes
- Content-focused learning
- One size fits all approach
- Coach-led learning
- Coach has full responsibility for what, how and when learning takes place

Non-linear pedagogy:
- Interactive relationship between coach and athlete: more common with prefesionals
- High level of connectivity between athlete and coach
- Process-oriented learning
- Development of creative process in athletes

Question 2

Discuss Newells constraints-led approach to teaching motor skills in physical education

Answer 2

Motor learning in viewed as an ongoing dynamic, non-linear process, influenced by various constraints

1. Athlete constraints 2. Environmental 3. Task

Athletes constraints:
Structural: height, weight, muscle mass
Functional (behavioural): decision making, self-organisation, movement patterns, attention, motivation

Environemtal constraints:
- physical factors: gravity, altitude, noise, space, surface, temp
- Peer pressure, social norms, cultural expectations

Task
- Goal of task
- Rules or conditions on the task
- Equipment used

Question 3

Suggest how a constraints-led approach to learning a given sport can influence motivation

Answer 3

Task: Modifying the equipment: coach can change to a lighter/smaller ball

Environment: Less area to cover during the activity to reduce fatigue

Athlete: minimize the number of rules. Ex: rugby being allowed to also pass forwards

Question 4

Outline reasons for using notational analysis in physical education and sports

Answer 4

Mainly used to inform the coaching process, and so improve athlete performance through:

• Providing an objective way of recording performance
• Quantifying performance in a consistent and reliable manner
• Facilitating quantitative and qualitative feedback

Question 5

List 5 applications of notation in physical and sporting contexts

Answer 5

1. Tactical evaluation
2. Technical evaluation
3. Analysis of movement
4. Development of databases and models
5. Educational use with coaches and athletes

Question 6

Distinguish between a phase analysis model and a performance outcome model of qualitative biomechanical analysis for an individual sports technique

Question 7

Explain how a flow chart system can be used for match analysis in a team invasion game

Question 8

Suggest how to develop a simple notation system for team games

Question 9

Outline three examples of the use of digital technology in sporting analysis

Question 10

Evaluate the use of information technologies in sport analysis for different sports contexts