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BIOLOGY A LEVEL > TOPIC 4A - DNA, RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS > Flashcards

TOPIC 4A - DNA, RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Flashcards

- DNA, Genes and Chromosomes - RNA and Protein Synthesis - The Genetic Code and Nucleic Acids

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1
Q

How is DNA stored in Eukaryotes?

A

(see page 82 in the revision guide)

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2
Q

How is DNA stored in Prokaryotes?

A

(see page 82 in the revision guide)

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3
Q

What is a gene?

A

A gene is a sequence of DNA bases that codes for either a polypeptide

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4
Q

What is a genome?

A

A cell’s genome is the complete set of genes in the cell.

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5
Q

What is a proteome?

A

A cell’s proteome is the full range of proteins that the cell is able to produce.

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6
Q

Why do most DNA in eukaryotes not code for polypeptides?

A

(see page 83 in the revision guide)

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7
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

A

23

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8
Q

Describe what alleles are.

A

(see page 83 in the revision guide)

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9
Q

What is mRNA?

A

(see page 84 in the revision guide)

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10
Q

What is tRNA?

A

(see page 84 in the revision guide)

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11
Q

Describe transcription.

A

(see page 84 in the revision guide)

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12
Q

Describe translation.

A

(see page 85 in the revision guide)

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13
Q

Read page 86 in the revision guide.

A

Understand it?

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14
Q

Read page 87 in the revision guide.

A

Understand it?

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15
Q

What does it mean by the genetic code is degenerate?

A

There are more possible combinations of triplets than there are amino acids (20 amino acids but 64 possible triplets).

This means that some amino acids are coded for by more than one base triplet, e.g. tyrosine can be coded for by UAU or UAC

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16
Q

What does it mean by the genetic code is non-overlapping?

A

Each base triplet is read in a sequence, separate from the triplet before it and after it. Base triplets don’t share their bases.

17
Q

What does it mean by the genetic code is universal?

A

The same specific base triplets code for the same amino acids in all living things. e.g. UAU codes for tyrosine in all organisms.

BIOLOGY A LEVEL (19 decks)

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