TOPIC 3A - EXCHANGE AND TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Flashcards
What two factors affect heat exchange in organisms to the surroundings?
- Size
- Shape
(see page 55 in the revision guide for examples)
What behavioural and physiological adaptations do organisms have to aid exchange?
(see page 55 in the revision guide)
Describe how fish gills are adapted for gas exchange.
(see page 56 in the revision guide)
Describe how insects are adapted for gas exchange.
(see page 56 in the revision guide)
Draw a diagram of a cross section of a leaf.
(see page 57 in the revision guide)
Describe how leaves are adapted for gas exchange.
(see page 57 in the revision guide)
How have insects and plants adapted to minimise and control water loss?
(see page 57 in the revision guide)
How are lungs in humans specialised for gas exchange?
(see page 58 in the revision guide)
Describe the process of inspiration and expiration.
(see page 58 in the revision guide)
Describe the diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the blood stream.
(see page 59 in the revision guide)
How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange?
- A thin exchange surface
- A large surfacde area
(see page 59 in the revision guide)
Define tidal volume.
The volume of air in each breath - usually between 0.4dm3 and 0.5dm3 for adults.
Define ventilation rate.
The number of breaths per minute. For a healthy person at rest its about 15 breaths.
Define the forced expiratory volume (FEV1)
The maximum volume of air that can be breathed out in 1 second.
Define the force vital capacity (FVC)
The maximum volume of air it is possible to breath forcefully out of the lungs after a really deep breath in.
How does Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) affect breathing?
(see page 60 in the revision guide)
How does Fibrosis affect breathing?
(see page 60 in the revision guide)
How does Asthma affect breathing?
(see page 61 in the revision guide)
How does Emphysema affect breathing?
(see page 61 in the revision guide)
Describe how you would carry out a dissection of the lungs.
(see page 64 in the revision guide)
Describe how you would carry out a dissection of fish gills.
(see page 64 in the revision guide)
Describe how you would carry out a dissection of the gaseous exchange system in insects.
(see page 65 in the revision guide)
What are some ethical issues involved in dissecting animals?
- Some people feel it is morally wrong to kill animals just for dissections as it is unnecessary killing.
- Some concerns that animals used for dissections are not always raised in a humane way.
(see page 65 in the revision guide)
