TOPIC 3A - EXCHANGE AND TRANSPORT SYSTEMS

Question 1

What two factors affect heat exchange in organisms to the surroundings?

Answer 1

• Size
• Shape

(see page 55 in the revision guide for examples)

Question 2

What behavioural and physiological adaptations do organisms have to aid exchange?

Answer 2

(see page 55 in the revision guide)

Question 3

Describe how fish gills are adapted for gas exchange.

Answer 3

(see page 56 in the revision guide)

Question 4

Describe how insects are adapted for gas exchange.

Answer 4

(see page 56 in the revision guide)

Question 5

Draw a diagram of a cross section of a leaf.

Answer 5

(see page 57 in the revision guide)

Question 6

Describe how leaves are adapted for gas exchange.

Answer 6

(see page 57 in the revision guide)

Question 7

How have insects and plants adapted to minimise and control water loss?

Answer 7

(see page 57 in the revision guide)

Question 8

How are lungs in humans specialised for gas exchange?

Answer 8

(see page 58 in the revision guide)

Question 9

Describe the process of inspiration and expiration.

Answer 9

(see page 58 in the revision guide)

Question 10

Describe the diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the blood stream.

Answer 10

(see page 59 in the revision guide)

Question 11

How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange?

Answer 11

• A thin exchange surface
• A large surfacde area

(see page 59 in the revision guide)

Question 12

Define tidal volume.

Answer 12

The volume of air in each breath - usually between 0.4dm3 and 0.5dm3 for adults.

Question 13

Define ventilation rate.

Answer 13

The number of breaths per minute. For a healthy person at rest its about 15 breaths.

Question 14

Define the forced expiratory volume (FEV1)

Answer 14

The maximum volume of air that can be breathed out in 1 second.

Question 15

Define the force vital capacity (FVC)

Answer 15

The maximum volume of air it is possible to breath forcefully out of the lungs after a really deep breath in.

Question 16

How does Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) affect breathing?

Answer 16

(see page 60 in the revision guide)

Question 17

How does Fibrosis affect breathing?

Answer 17

(see page 60 in the revision guide)

Question 18

How does Asthma affect breathing?

Answer 18

(see page 61 in the revision guide)

Question 19

How does Emphysema affect breathing?

Answer 19

(see page 61 in the revision guide)

Question 20

Describe how you would carry out a dissection of the lungs.

Answer 20

(see page 64 in the revision guide)

Question 21

Describe how you would carry out a dissection of fish gills.

Answer 21

(see page 64 in the revision guide)

Question 22

Describe how you would carry out a dissection of the gaseous exchange system in insects.

Answer 22

(see page 65 in the revision guide)

Question 23

What are some ethical issues involved in dissecting animals?

Answer 23

• Some people feel it is morally wrong to kill animals just for dissections as it is unnecessary killing.
• Some concerns that animals used for dissections are not always raised in a humane way.

(see page 65 in the revision guide)