TOPIC 3B - MORE EXCHANGE AND TRANSPORT SYSTEMS

Question 1

What are carbohydrates broken down by?

Answer 1

Amylase and membrane-bound disaccharides.

see page 66 in the revision guide

Question 2

What are lipids broken down by?

Answer 2

Lipase with the help of bile salts.

see page 66 in the revision guide

Question 3

What 2 monosaccharides is maltose made up of?

Answer 3

Broken down by maltase to form 2x glucose

Question 4

What 2 monosaccharides is sucrose made up of?

Answer 4

Broken down by sucrase to form glucose and fructose

Question 5

What 2 monosaccharides is lactose made up of?

Answer 5

Broken down by lactase to form glucose and galactose

Question 6

What do endopeptidases do?

Answer 6

They act to hydrolyse peptide bonds within a protein.

see page 67 in the revision guide

Question 7

What do exopeptidase do?

Answer 7

They act to hydrolyse peptide bonds at the ends of protein molecules.

(see page 67 in the revision guide)

Question 8

How are monosaccharides absorbed across the ileum epithelium into the blood stream?

Answer 8

(see page 67 in the revision guide)

Question 9

How are monoglycerides and fatty acids absorbed across the ileum epithelium into the blood stream?

Answer 9

(see page 67 in the revision guide)

Question 10

How are amino acids absorbed across the ileum epithelium into the blood stream?

Answer 10

(see page 67 in the revision guide)

Question 11

How do haemoglobin carry oxygen?

Answer 11

(see page 68 in the revision guide)

Question 12

Write the reversible reaction for the formation of oxyhaemoglobin.

Answer 12

(see page 68 in the revision guide)

Question 13

What happens to the saturation of haemoglobin when there’s a high partial pressure of oxygen?

Answer 13

Oxygen loads onto haemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin where there’s a high pO2. Oxyhaemoglobin unloads its oxygen where there’s a lower pO2.

(see page 68 in the revision guide)

Question 14

Read bottom of page 68 in the revision guide.

Answer 14

Understand it?

Question 15

How does the carbon dioxide concentration affect oxygen unloading?

Answer 15

(see page 69 in the revision guide)

Question 16

Read bottom of page 69 in the revision guide.

Answer 16

Understand it?

Question 17

Draw a labelled diagram of the heart.

Answer 17

(see page 72 in the revision guide)

Question 18

Describe the characteristics of arteries.

Answer 18

(see page 70 in the revision guide)

Question 19

Describe the characteristics of veins.

Answer 19

(see page 70 in the revision guide)

Question 20

Describe the characteristics of capillaries.

Answer 20

(see page 71 in the revision guide)

Question 21

How is tissue fluid formed?

Answer 21

(see page 71 in the revision guide)

Question 22

What does the left ventricle of the heart do?

Answer 22

(see page 72 in the revision guide)

Question 23

What do the atrioventricular valves in the heart do?

Answer 23

(see page 72 in the revision guide)

Question 24

What do the semi-lunar valves in the heart do?

Answer 24

(see page 72 in the revision guide)

Question 25

What do the cords attached to the atrioventricular valves and the ventricles do?

Answer 25

(see page 72 in the revision guide)

Question 26

Why do the ventricles have thicker walls than the atria?

Answer 26

(see page 72 in the revision guide)

Question 27

Describe the three stages of the cardiac cycle of blood pumping round the body.

Answer 27

(see page 73 in the revision guide)

Question 28

Read page 74 in the revision guide.

Answer 28

Understand it?

Question 29

Describe an atheroma formation and what can it lead to?

Answer 29

(see page 75 in the revision guide)

Question 30

What is an aneurysm?

Answer 30

A balloon-like swelling of the artery.

see page 75 in the revision guide

Question 31

What is thrombosis?

Answer 31

A formation of a blood clot.

see page 75 in the revision guide

Question 32

What are three risk factors of cardiovascular disease?

Answer 32

• High blood cholesterol and poor diet.
• Cigarette smoking.
• High blood pressure.

(see page 76 in the revision guide)

Question 33

Read page 77 in the revision guide.

Answer 33

Understand it?

Question 34

How is water moved up a plant?

Answer 34

(see page 78 in the revision guide)

Question 35

What is transpiration and when does it occur?

Answer 35

(see page 78 in the revision guide)

Question 36

What four main factors affect transpiration rate?

Answer 36

• Light
• Temperature
• Humidity
• Wind

(see page 78 in the revision guide)

Question 37

How can a photometer be used to estimate transpiration rate?

Answer 37

(see page 79 in the revision guide)

Question 38

Describe how you would dissect a plant to view the xylem or phloem in plant tissue.

Answer 38

(see page 79 in the revision guide)

Question 39

How is phloem tissue adapted for transporting solutes?

Answer 39

(see page 80 in the revision guide)

Question 40

What is translocation?

Answer 40

(see page 80 in the revision guide)

Question 41

What is the mass flow hypothesis?

Answer 41

(see page 80 in the revision guide)

Question 42

What is some supporting evidence for mass flow?

Answer 42

(see page 81 in the revision guide)

Question 43

What are some objections for mass flow?

Answer 43

(see page 81 in the revision guide)

Question 44

How can the translocation of solutes be demonstrated experimentally?

Answer 44

(see page 81 in the revision guide)