Topic 4 - Transcription & Translation Flashcards
What is the type of bond between complementary base pairs?
Hydrogen bonding
What is the type of bond between adjacent nucleotides in a DNA strand?
Phosphodiester
Two differences between the structure of a tRNA molecule and an mRNA molecule?
tRNA
- has AA binding site
- has anticodon
mRNA
- no AA binding site
- has codons
What are the differences in structure between mRNA and pre-mRNA
pre-mRNA
- has introns and exons
mRNA
- only has exons due to splicing
How is one AA added to a pp that is being formed at a ribosomes during translation?
- tRNA brings specific AA to ribosome
- Anticodon binds to codon
- AA joins by condensation reaction
- using ATP to form peptide bond
How is mRNA produced from an exposed template strand of DNA (do not include DNA helicase)?
- Free RNA nucleotides form complementary base pairs
- phosphodiester bonds form
- by action of RNA polymerase
How is mRNA formed by transcription in eukaryotes?
- H bonds between DNA bases break
- only one DNA strand acts as template
- Free RNA nucleotides align by complementary base pairing
- in RNA Uracil pairs w Adenine
- RNA polymerase joins adjacent RNA nucleotides
- by phosphodiester bonds
- pre-mRNA spliced to form mRNA
Describe how a pp is formed by translation of mRNA.
- mRNA binds to ribosome
- ribosome finds start codon
- tRNA brings specific AA
- complementary anticodons on tRNA bind to their complementary codons on mRNA
- AA join together by peptide bonds using ATP (condensation reaction)
- tRNA released after AA joined to pp
- ribosome moves along the mRNA to form the pp
What is the proteome of a cell?
- the range of different proteins the DNA is able to code for
Why is the genetic code described as degenerate?
Multiple base seq can code for a single AA
What two types of molecule is a ribosome made from?
- RNA
- proteins
