Topic 4 - EQ4 - Regeneration Flashcards
What are some ways to measure success of economic regeneration?
- Income deprivation
- Poverty
- GDP per capita
- Employment poverty
What are some pros and cons of the measures of economic regeneration?
Pros:
- Clear and quantifiable
- Regular records
Cons:
- Social factors have too much of a sizeable impact on economic measures
- Lag time between regen and economic measure change
- All relative to other areas/contexts
What are some ways to measure social progress or success of social regeneration?
- Crime/violent crime rate per 100,000
- Wealth inequality
- Deprivation/IMD
- Demographic changes (life expectancy, health…)
- School results + Young People not engaged in education
- Interviews or newspaper
What are some of the pros and cons of the measures of social progress (social regeneration)?
Pros:
- Good for targeting areas for regen
- Before and after show success of regen for community
Cons:
- May need to be broken down and analysed street by street
- Bit less quantifiable and more subjective (especially if looking at Facebook groups or newspapers)
What are some ways to measure improvement in living environment?
- Access to green open space
- Air quality, waterway quality
- Reduction in pollution
- Reduction in derelict land
- LED (Living Environment Deprivation)
What are some pros and cons of measures of improvement in living environment?
Pros:
-LED as a composite measure takes into account a group of measures to show a comprehensive view of environment
Cons:
- Main roads vs other areas vary very differently in pollution levels
- The eco-friendliness of people’s homes is strongly linked to the socio-economic status (poor people can’t afford fancy grey water systems etc)
Why is Dagenham deprived?
De-industrialisation in 2002 as Ford ceased car assembly after 71 years (loss of thousands of jobs, unemployment doubled from 2001 to in 2010s). Pre-deindustrialised Dagenham had good jobs, housing and quality of life.
What is Dagenham’s IMD vs London average?
2.6 vs 6.7
What percentage of Dagenham’s worker are in higher income jobs vs London average?
30 vs 50%
What is proof of regeneration’s success in Dagenham?
- Air quality is relatively good for London
- ‘Air Quality Action Plan’ 2020-25
- Gascoigne Estate’s LED improved drastically from 2010-2013 and IMD improved to
- Between 2010 and 2013 the IMD (and other measures of social progress) improved or stayed the same in 5 major locations in the Borough, only crime in Beam park got worse
- Many abandoned building and derelict land have been given new life (e.g. new premier inn on old derelict land)
What is proof of limitations of regeneration in Dagenham?
- Deprivation is widespread through Borough of Barking and Dagenham
- Beam park and Gascoigne estates are still hotspots of crime
- Barriers to housing and services still an issue throughout the borough
- IMD still 2.6 compared to 6.7 London average
- Only 30% of people in higher income jobs vs 50% London average
- Unemployment rate at 4.9%
What are the three strategies for regeneration in our urban place case study (Olympic park and East London)?
- Private investment: company, directors, shareholders , employees (e.g. Westfield shopping centre in Stratford developed by Australian Westfield company)
- Public investment: MPs, gov’t, regional or local councils (e.g. Gov’t, including London assembly and mayor, bid for olympics and £9.3 billion cost later recovered through ticketing, this was sports led public regeneration)
- Public-private partnership: bot sets of players (e.g. London docklands where gov’t gave land and financial grants to property developers who created buildings, jobs and housing)
What is a benefit of using the private sector in regeneration?
Aim to get the best value for money out of the investment. Private investments are beneficial for gov’t as it improves areas without having to spend money.
Who were the 6 major stakeholders in the Olympic park regeneration project? What are their criteria for success?
- UK Central Gov’t Agency (use of Olympic venues post 2012, increased employment and housing)
- Local gov’t (regen to last post 2012)
- Regional gov’t (more housing, food transport, E London economic boost)
- Local economy stakeholders (Olympic park on old industrial estate home to local business and over 5k workers, want protection of local business especially against TNCs)
- Environmental stakeholders (improvement to environment/no harm to env)
- Local people (new social investment and protection of their position in the area, i.e. limited gentrification)
What issues do each stakeholders care about the most (urban regeneration)?
- Local residents = social issues (housing, education…)
- Business = economic issues
- Environmentalists = environment
- Gov’t = has to balance all 3 (local gov’t more sympathetic to social issues)
