Topic 4 - Chemical Changes Flashcards

1
Q

What does the pH scale measure?

A

How acidic or alkali something is

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2
Q

What is the pH of an acid

A

0-6

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3
Q

What is the pH of an alkali?

A

8-14

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4
Q

What does an acid form in water?

A

H+ ions

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5
Q

What does an alkali produce in water?

A

OH- ions

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6
Q

What is the name of the reaction between an acid and a base?

A

Neutralisation

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7
Q

What is the word and symbol equation for neutralisation?

A

Acid + Base -> Salt + Water

H+ + OH- -> H20

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8
Q

When adding strong and weak acids to water, what is the difference?

A

Strong acid ionise completely making lots of H+ ions but Weak Acids don’t fully ionise making less H+ ions

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9
Q

Why is the pH different in strong and weak acids?

A

Strong acids have more H+ ions

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10
Q

What concentration does the pH scale measure?

A

The concentration of H+ ions

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11
Q

What is the relationship tween an increased of H+ ions and a decrease in a pH by 1?

A

For every decrease of 1 in the scale the conc of H+ ions increases by a factor of 1

E.g. an acid of pH 4 has 10 times more H+ ions then an acid of pH5

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12
Q

Can metal oxides and metal hydroxides dissolve in water?

A

Yes. Some metal oxides and metal hydroxides dissolve in water

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13
Q

What is the word equation for a metal oxide/hydroxide being added to acid?

A

Acid + metal oxide/metal hydroxide -> salt + water

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14
Q

Are metal oxides and hydroxides acid or alkali and how do we know?

A

They are alkali and we know because the form a salt and water when dropped in acid. The neutralise

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15
Q

What is the word equation for a metal carbonate dropped into acid?

A

Acid + metal carbonate -> Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

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16
Q

What does oxidation and reduction mean?

A

Oxidisation - a gain in oxygen or loss of electrons
Reduction - a loss in oxygen or gain of electrons

17
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

A reaction where reduction and oxidisation is happening simultaneously

18
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from its compound. They are redox reactions

19
Q

Give a word and symbol equation as an example of a displacement reaction

A

Iron + copper sulphate -> copper + iron sulphate
Fe + CuSo4 -> FeSo4 + Cu

20
Q

What is an ionic equation?

A

An ionic equation is an equation where only the particles that react and the products are shown.

21
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

The process of splitting up an ionic compound with electricity

22
Q

What substances can be electrolysed?

A

Electrolysis works with both molten ionic solids and aqueous solutions

23
Q

Why can’t an ionic solid be electrolysed?

A

It’s ions are not free to flow

24
Q

When electrolysing molten solids, what forms at the anode?

A

Non metal ions are oxidised (lose electrons)

25
When electrolysing molten solids, what forms at the cathode?
Positive metal ions - they are reduced - gain electrons
26
Which way do ions move in electrolysis?
Positive ions move towards the cathode and gain electrons. Negative ions move toward the anode and lose electrons
27
What electrode is negative and what one is positive?
The cathode is negative and the anode in positive
28
When electrolysing aqueous solutions, what forms on the cathode?
If H+ ions and metal ions are present, hydrogen gas will be produced if the metal ions form a metal more reactive than hydrogen. If the metal is less reactive than hydrogen the metal will be produced instead
29
When electrolysing aqueous solutions, what forms around the anode?
If OH- ions and halide ions are present the halide will be produced, if no halide is present then OH- ions are discharged and oxygen is formed.
30
What are half equations?
Half equations are used to show the reactions at both electrodes. Half equations need balanced electrons on both the negative and positive equation.
31
What is the point of a titration?
A titration is used to find out exactly how much acid is needed to neutralise a quantity of alkali
32
What indicator is most commonly used for titration?
Phenolphthalein
33
What colours is phenolphthalein when acid and alkali?
Acid - clear Alkali - pink
34
What colours is litmus when acid and alkali?
Acid - red Alkali - blue/purple
35
What colour is methyl orange when acid or alkali?
Acid - red Alkali - yellow
36
What is the order of the reactivity series?
Potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, carbon, zinc, iron, hydrogen, copper
37
What are the two ways of extracting metals from metal oxides?
More reactive than carbon - electrolysis Less reactive than carbon - reduction my carbon
38
What are some metals more reactive than others?
It depends on the metals tendency to form positive ions
39
What is the difference between a sting and weak acid?
A strong acid is completely ionised in aqueous solutions whereas a weak acid is only partially ionised