Topi 8 c Flashcards
What is a pure substance?
A single elementary or compound not mixed with any other substance s
What is a formulation?
A formulation is a mixture that has been designed as a useful product and is made of specific components in specific proportions
What is the formula for chromatography?
Distance moved by substance / distance moved by solvent
What is the test for hydrogen?
Place a burning splint Into test tube which causes hydrogen to burn rapidly and produce a squeaky pop sound
What is the test for oxygen?
Place a glowing splint inside a test tube. If it relights then oxygen is present
What is the test for carbon dioxide?
Carbon dioxide should be bubbled through calcium hydroxide and if present will turn cloudy
What is the test for chlorine?
Damp litmus paper will be bleached and turn pale green
What is the flame test for lithium?
Crimson flame
What is the flame test for sodium?
Yellow flame
What is the flame test for potassium?
Lilac flame
What is the flame test for calcium?
Orange - red flame
What is the flame test for copper?
Green flame
What is the test for metal ions?
Add sodium hydroxide
What is the test for calcium ions?
Calcium and sodium hydroxide make a white precipitate
What is the test for magnesium ions ?
Add sodium hydroxide for white precipitate
What is the test for aluminium ions?
Add sodium hydroxide for white precipitate that dissolves in excess sodium hydroxide
What is the test for iron 2 ion?
Add sodium hydroxide for green precipitate
What is the tests for iron 3 ion?
Add sodium hydroxide for red brown precipitate
What is the test for copper 2 ion?
Add sodium hydroxide for blue precipitate
What is the test for carbonates?
Add carbonates to acid to make carbon dioxide
What is the test for halides and what are the results?
Add silver nitrate solution in the presence of dilute nitric acid.
Silver chloride - white
Silver bromide - cream
Silver iodide - yellow
What is the test for sulphate ions?
Add barium chloride in the presence of hydrochloric acid for a white precipitate
What are the positives of using instrumental methods to detect elements and compounds?
Accurate
Sensitive
Rapid
What are the negatives of using instrumental methods to detect elements and compounds?
Requires special training
Expensive
What is flame emission spectroscopy?
An example of an instrumental method to analyse metal ions. Sample is placed into flame and light given out is passed through a spectroscope. This can be analysed to find the ion and it’s concentration
