Topic 1 - Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Question 1

Where is the nucleus in an atom?

Answer 1

In the middle of the atom

Question 2

What is in the nucleus?

Answer 2

Protons and neutrons

Question 3

What charge does the nucleus have?

Answer 3

A positive charge because of the protons

Question 4

What is the relative charge of a proton, neutron and electron?

Answer 4

Proton - 1
Neutron - 0
Electron - -1

Question 5

What is the relative mass of a proton, neutron and electron?

Answer 5

Proton - 1
Neutron - 1
Electron - 0

Question 6

Where are the electrons in an atom?

Answer 6

They move around the nucleus in shells

Question 7

What does an atoms nuclear symbol tell us?

Answer 7

The mass of the atom, the number of protons and the element symbol

Question 8

What is a element?

Answer 8

An element is a substance made of atoms that all have the same number of protons.

Question 9

What is an isotope?

Answer 9

An isotope is a element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Question 10

How do you work out relative atomic mass?

Answer 10

Sum of (isotope abundance x mass number) / 100

Question 11

What is a compound?

Answer 11

A compound is a substance of two or more chemical bonded elements in fixed proportions.

Question 12

What is a mixture?

Answer 12

A mixture is two or more elements or compounds mixed together. They are not chemically bonded and can be separated using physical methods

Question 13

What is chromatography?

Answer 13

Chromatography is the process of separating different dyes from an ink.

Question 14

How can you do chromatography?

Answer 14

Draw a line near the bottom of filter paper - draw with pencil
Add spots of ink on the line and place the sheet in a solvent.
Place a lid on top to stop evaporation
The solvent seeps up the paper and carries the ink with it

Question 15

What is filtration?

Answer 15

Filtration is the process of separating insoluble solids from a liquid.

Question 16

How do you remove soluble solids from solutions?

Answer 16

Crystallisation.

Question 17

What is simple distillation?

Answer 17

Simple distillation is the process of separating liquids from solution based of boiling point.

Question 18

Who is John Dalton?

Answer 18

John Dalton described atoms as solid spheres in the 19th century

Question 19

Who is JJ Thompson

Answer 19

Thomson concluded in 1897 that the spheres were positive with even smaller negative parts. He came up with the plum pudding model

Question 20

What is the plum pudding model?

Answer 20

The plum pudding model states that an atom is a positive wall with negative electrons stuck in it

Question 21

Who proved the plum pudding model is wrong?

Answer 21

Ernest Rutherford

Question 22

Who is Ernest Rutherford?

Answer 22

He conducted the famous alpha scattering experiment.

Question 23

What was the alpha particle scattering experiment?

Answer 23

An experiment that involved firing positively charged alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold.

Question 24

What did the alpha particle scattering experiment involve?

Answer 24

It involves firing positively charged alpha particles at a thing sheet of gold

Question 25

What three things were learnt from the alpha particle experiment?

Answer 25

Most of the atom is empty space.
There is a small, dense positively charged nucleus in the centre of an atom
There is a ‘cloud’ of negative electrons surrounding the nucleus

Question 26

Who is Neils Bohr?

Answer 26

He made a nuclear model that suggested all electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed shells

Question 27

Who is James Chadwick?

Answer 27

Chadwick carried out experiments which provided evidence for a neutral partial. This is now called a neutron

Question 28

What are the three rules of electron shells?

Answer 28

The lowest energy levels are always filled first
The 1st shell can only hold 2 and the second and third only 8
If the outer shell is not full this makes the atom want to fill it

Question 29

What was the periodic table like the in early 1800s?

Answer 29

In the early 1800s the periodic table was made of only known elements and was organised by atomic weight. These periodic tables were not complete and some elements were in the wrong group

Question 30

Who is Mendeleev?

Answer 30

Mendeleev mainly put elements in order of atomic weight but changed some based on their properties. He also left gaps in the table where he predicted undiscovered atoms may fit the pattern - this was based off properties.

Question 31

What is a metal?

Answer 31

A metal is an element that can form a positive ion

Question 32

What are the properties of a metal?

Answer 32

They are strong, they are malleable and great at conducting heat and electricity.

Question 33

What are three additional properties of transition metals?

Answer 33

They can form more than one ion
They are often coloured and firm coloured compounds
They often make food catalysts