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AQA Chemistry GCSE > Topic 2 > Flashcards

Topic 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What two types of elements form ionic bonds?

A

Metal and non metal

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2
Q

What forces are in ionic bonds?

A

Electrostatic forces

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3
Q

How are ionic bonds made?

A

When a metal and non metal react the metal forms a positive ion and the non metal form a negative ion which attract together with electrostatic forces

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4
Q

How are ionic compounds drawn?

A

With a dot and cross diagram

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5
Q

What is an ionic compound?

A

A giant structure of ions arranged in a lattice arrangement

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6
Q

In a ionic compound in which direction does the electrostatic force act?

A

In all directions

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7
Q

What are properties of an ionic compound

A

High melting and boiling point due to strong bonds that take lots of energy to overcome
Can only conduct in solution or liquid

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8
Q

What are the limitations of a dot and cross diagram?

A

Unruly to not show the structure, size or arrangement of ions

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9
Q

What two types of material form a covalent bond?

A

A non metal and non metal form a covalent bond

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10
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A covalent bond is two non metals that share electrons

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11
Q

What three substances can covalent bonds form?

A

Simple molecular structures
Polymers
Giant covalent structures

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12
Q

What is a simple molecular structure?

A

Made of molecules containing only a few atoms
O2 n2
CH4

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13
Q

What are some properties of a simple molecular structure?

A

Very strong covalent bonds
Weak forces of attraction so small melting and boiling points
Non conductive

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14
Q

What is a polymer?

A

Lots of small monomers bonded together in the process of polymerisation

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15
Q

What is a giant covalent structure?

A

Are large molecules where all atoms are bonded o each Tiber by strong covalent bonds

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16
Q

What are some properties of giant covalent structures?

A

Hugh melting and boiling points because of strong covalent bonds
Don’t conduct

17
Q

Properties of pure metals

A

Pure metals can be bent and shaped as the atoms are arranged in layers

18
Q

Properties of alloys

A

Harder than pure metals.
Harder to shape as different sized atoms prevent distortion of layers in the structure

19
Q

What is metallic bonding

A

Metallic bonding happens between two metals
Electrons in the outer shell are delocalised and shared - they are free to move around so they can conduct

20
Q

Explain the structure and bonding of diamonds

A

Each Carbon atom forms four covalent bonds with other carbon atoms
Giant covalent structure
Diamond is hard, high melting point, doesn’t conduct

21
Q

Explain the structure and properties of graphite

A

Each carbon atom forms three covalent bonds with other carbon atoms
Forming layers of hexagonal rings, one electrons from each carbon is delocalised
Graphite can conduct electricity
Soft as layers can slide over eachother

22
Q

Explain the structure and properties of graphene

A

Graphene is a single layer of graphite
Really strong with a high melting point
Can conduct and is useful in electronics

23
Q

What is an allotrope?

A

Different structural forms of the same element in the same physical state

24
Q

What is the structure and properties of a fullerene?

A

Molecules of Carbon atoms with hollow shapes
Useful in medicine

25
Q

What is Nanoscience?

A

Nanoscience is the science of structures 1-100nm in size

26
Q

What is the size of all the particles?

A

Nano particles - diameter between 1-100nm
Fine particles - diameter between 100-2500nm
Coarse particles - dust

27
Q

What are some uses of nano particles?

A

In medicine, electronics, cosmetics, catalysts

28
Q

What are some issues on nano particles?

A

Unknown effects on body
Relatively knew
Could effect body and environment

AQA Chemistry GCSE (14 decks)

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