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AQA Chemistry GCSE > Topc 10 - Using Resources > Flashcards

Topc 10 - Using Resources Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Hager process?

A

Used to manufacture ammonia form nitrogen and hydrogen

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2
Q

What is rather equation for the haber process?

A

N2 + 3H2 <-> 2NH3 and heat

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3
Q

What conditions are needed in the haber process?

A

200 atmospheres
450 degrees
Iron catalyst

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4
Q

What is the ammonia in the haber process used for?

A

Nitrogen based fertilisers

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5
Q

Where does the nitrogen come from in the haber process?

A

The air

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6
Q

Where does the hydrogen come from in the haber process?

A

Hydrocarbons like methane

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7
Q

How does the haber process work?

A

Nitrogen and hydrogen are fed into a vessel where the controls are correct, a iron catalyst is used to make ammonia, the mixture is reversible so some of it will reverse.
The ammonia is cooled into liquid ammonia and the reactants will be recycled

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8
Q

Why are the conditions for the haber process specific?

A

Temperature - exothermic means a lower temp needed to favour forward reaction, although high enough for reaction rate
Pressure - quicker reaction rate but limited by cost and safety of maintaining a high pressure

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9
Q

What is a fertiliser?

A

A substance applied to the soil in order to supply plants with nutrients

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10
Q

What is a formulation?

A

A mixture that has been designed as a useful product, made by combining certain chemicals in a certain ratio

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11
Q

What are the three parts in a NPK fertiliser

A

Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium

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12
Q

How do you get the nitrogen for npk fertilisers?

A

Main source is ammonia. Ammonia can react with water to make nitric acid

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13
Q

How do you get phosphorus for npk fertilisers?

A

Can be mined from the ground as rock. However, they are insoluble and need to be reacted with acids to produce salts

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14
Q

What happens when you react phosphate rock with nitric acid?

A

Phosphoric acid and calcium nitrate

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15
Q

What happens when you react phosphate rock with sulfuric acid?

A

Calcium sulphate and Calum phosphate

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16
Q

What happens when you react phosphate rock with phosphoric acid?

A

Calcium phosphate

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17
Q

How do you get potassium for npk fertilisers?

A

Potassium can be found in potassium sulphate or potassium chloride. It can be mined and used directly

18
Q

How do humans use earths resources?

A

Warmth, shelter, food and transport

19
Q

What is sustainable development?

A

Development that meets the needs of current generations without comprising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

20
Q

What is potable water?

A

Water that is safe to drink. It’s not chemically pure because it contains dissolved substances.

21
Q

Where do we get drinking water from in the UK?

A

Rain provides water with low levels of dissolves substances that collects in the ground and in lakes and rivers

22
Q

How does the UK turn rain into potable water?

A

Choosing an appropriate source
Pass through wire mesh to filter big things out
Passing the water through filter beds - filters out small solids
Sterilising

23
Q

Why and how do we sterilise water?

A

To kill any microbes
Bubble chlorine gas through it, expose it to ozone or UV light

24
Q

Why May fluorine be added to water?

A

Improve dental health

25
Q

What process is used when fresh water is limited?

A

Desalination

26
Q

What is desalination?

A

A process which removes salt from sea water to make drinkable water

27
Q

What are the two ways desalination can be done?

A
  • by simple distillation
  • by passing water through membranes that use reverse osmosis
28
Q

What are the negatives of desalination?

A

Requires lots of money for energy.

29
Q

What are the three types of waste water?

A

Sewage
Agricultural
Insutrial

30
Q

Why does industrial waste need treating?

A

Remove organic matter and harmful chemicals

31
Q

Why does sewage and agricultural waste need treating?

A

Remove organic matter or harmful microbes

32
Q

What are the four main steps to treating waste water?

A

Screening
Sedimentation
Anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge
Aerobic biological treatment of affluent

33
Q

What does screening waste treatment mean?

A

Remove any large parts and objects like litter and water bottles

34
Q

What does sedimentation mean in waste treatment?

A

Have user solid sink to bottom - sewage sludge
Light part at top - effluent

35
Q

How do they break down sewage sludge?

A

Anaerobic digestion

36
Q

How do they break down sewage effluent?

A

Aerobic biological treatment

37
Q

What are the two alternative ways of extracting copper from low grade ores?

A

Bioleaching
Phytomining

38
Q

What is phytomining?

A

Uses plants to absorb metal compound - copper compounds. The plants are harvested and then burnt to produce ash that is reich in the metal compound

39
Q

What is bioleaching?

A

Bioleaching she’s bacteria to produce leachate solutions that contain metal compounds!

40
Q

Why are LCAs carried out?

A

To assess the environmental impact of products

41
Q

What stages do LCA assessments evaluate?

A
  • extracting and processing raw materials
  • manufacturing and packaging
  • use and operation
    -disposal at the end of its lifetime

AQA Chemistry GCSE (14 decks)

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