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Physics > Topic 3 - Waves > Flashcards

Topic 3 - Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

All waves …

A

Transfer energy from one palce to another .

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2
Q

In transverse waves ,.

A

oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer . (oscillates up and down and direction of energy side ways ).
exmpale ripples

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3
Q

Longitiudinal waves .

A

examples - sound waves these rtravel a particles move from side to side ,
-oscillaitons parallel to energy transfer (side to side waves move )
-A longitudinal wave alsoo travels a medium to travel in , air liquid , solid .
In contrast with Transverse waves , these do not all require a medium .

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4
Q

Its the WAVE that travels not THE WATER .

A

.

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5
Q

What is amplitude ?

A

Amplitude of wave is the furthest poitnt a wave vibrates from its undistrubed position
(lin ein middle ).

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6
Q

What is wavelength ?

A

Wavelength of a line is the distance froma point on one wave to same point on the adjacent wave .
(Symbol for wavelength remeemberr )
-wavelength difficult for longitudinal wave usualy give TRANSVERSE wave .

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7
Q

What is the frequency ?

A

Frequency is th enumber of waves passing per second .
Unit of frequency is Hhz
1Hz is one wave per second .
Frequency figure out - COUNT THE TOP OF ONE WAVE TO ANOTHER THATS ONE WAVE .

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8
Q

What is the period ?

A

Time in seconds for one wave to pass a point .

Period (s) = 1/Frequency(Hz)

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9
Q

What is the first stage of waves in a solid RQP ?

A

String attached to a vibration generator .

  • Othe end hanging mass , keeps string taut .
  • Vibraiton geenrator attached to signal generator allows us to change frequency of vibrations of strong .
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10
Q

What is the second stage of waves in a solid RQP ?

A

-When we turn it on , the string vibrate s, difficult to see bibrations but as the certain freqeucny we see a stadning wave .
Standing wave is due to an effetc clled resoannce .

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11
Q

What is the third stage of waves in a solid RQP ?

A

Measure the wavelength of the sanding wave using a ruelr , Measure legnth of stadnign wave from woodern bridge to vibration geenrator .

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12
Q

What is the fourth stage of waves in a solid RQP ?

A

Calculate spped of wave usign euqatin

Wavespeed = Frequency (Hz) *Wavelength (m)

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13
Q

What happens if we increase wave length

A

Get half ways
calculate wave length by
Dividing total length of wave / by number of half wave lengths and *2

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14
Q

So what does the waveseped of the string dpeend on ?

A

It does not depend on frequency or wavelegth but the taughtness of string and mass per cm .

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15
Q

WHat does a ripple tank do ?

A

Observe fetaures of water aves .

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16
Q

First stage of ripple tank rqp.

A

1.Shallow tray of water with a vibrating bar ,

Bar is connected to a power pack .

17
Q

Second stage of ripple tank rqp.

A

When bar vibrates , it creates waves across the surface of the water .

18
Q

Third stage of ripple tank rqp.

A

Above the ripple ank , therre is a lmap nad below the tank a sheet of white paper .
-When light shines thorugh the water , it porcduces an image of avees on paper .
(Easiest way is to record on mobile phone as we see at different speeds and freeze image )

19
Q

Fourth stage of ripple tank rqp.

A

Measure the wavelength ith a rule on paper . Then freeze image of wave .
-Now measure disartanc ebetween one waves and ten waves furhter (10 wavelenths )
to find wavlength divide this by tne .

20
Q

fith stage of ripple tank rqp.

A

-To find frequency , put a timer next to paper and cont number of waves passing a point in one seocnd . ( count number of waves passing in seconds and idvide by tne ) good watch in slow motion .

21
Q

sixth stage of ripple tank rqp.

A

Work out wavespeed
wavsepepd (m/s) = frequency (hz) *wavelength
or mesure wavespeed by slecting a ave and how long it takes to pass length of rippel tank then work out speed by distance over time .
CAN GET INACCURACIES when trying to time .

22
Q

What happens when one wave moves into another mediium ?

A

-it can change direction and change speed .

23
Q

What happens when lihgt passes from air into glss ?

A
  • velcoity of light decreases (ligh wave slows down )
  • casuign wave to change direction
  • when waves slow down , bend toward normal
  • wave leaves the galss back into air velcoity increases as light wave sppeeds up
  • bedning aaway from normla
24
Q

more about waves enetering a medium ?

A
  • Wave fronts - imaginery line connects that connect waves all at the same point
  • as light eneers the glass ,the wavefronts get clsoer , so wavelength gets smaller , waves change direction towards normal refracting .
25
Q

Mechanical waves

A

–need a substance / particles to oscillate for the wave to pass thorugh .
(sounddw aves , earthquake and water waves )

26
Q

Electromagnetic eaves

A

-can pass through even when there are np a[rticle s(ina vaccum) as as when there are [articles alaways transvere (microwaves xrays and uv light )

27
Q

What are electromagneitc waves ?

A
  • transverse waves

- Transfer enegry fromt he source of tge wave to an absorber .

28
Q

More about electromagnetic eaves .

A
  • On the red end of the epsectrum , waves have a lower frequency and longer eavelength . #
  • On the violet end fo the spectrum higher frequency and shorter wavelength .
29
Q

List he em wabes from lwoest freqeucny to highest frequenxy .
-lowest freqquency highest wavlength radio then till gamam which has highest frequency and hsortest wavelength .

A 
radiO Waves
Microwaves
Infrared
Visible light
Uv rays
Xrays 
Gamma rays 
-visible light only part of electromagnetic psectrum that can be detected by human eye .
30
Q

Why does the electromagnetic psectrum called a continous spectrum ?

A

-as cut off point ebtween types of waves unclear .
-EM waves do not a medium to travel in can also travel in a vacuum (space)
they all travel at the same speed here
(3*10ti the power of 8 m/s)
-different amterials absrb transmit or reflect EM waves ..

31
Q

What are radiowaves used for ?

A
  • Used to transmit radio and terrestial tv signals .
  • Radiowaves used as theycan travle long sdistances before beign absorbed (by builidngs and trees )
  • longer wavlength radio waves spread out beween hills .
  • radiowaves can also relflect layer of charged particles in ammosphere which is hwy they can send bery long distances .
32
Q

What are microwaves used for ?

A

-sed ofr heating foodds - most foodd contains water
molecules ,
-Watermoelcules absor the enrgy of microwaves .
-enegry causes the temp of the food to increase .
-Also used to communicate with satellites in spaces - as microwaves can pass thorugh Earth without beignrefelected or refracted .

33
Q

What are iNFRARED WAVES USED FOR ?

A
  • EMMITED BYE ELCTRIAL HETERS , USED TO COOK FOOD IN THE OVEN
  • tHAT IS BECAUSE THE ENRGY OF INFRARED OBJECTS ARE ABOSRBED EASILY ABSORBED OBJECTS .
  • ALSO USED IN INFRARED CAMERAS TO CHEKCK HEAT LOSS .
34
Q

What is visible light used for ?

A
  • Used for communicating using fibre opitcals . -Optical firbres (thin strands of galss ) transmit pusles of lihgt down theese fibres and we use thesee puelses to carry information .
  • Used to carry telephone and cable Tv signals .
  • Shortwavelength carry a great deal of information .
35
Q

What is UV light used for ?/

A
  • Improtnat use of UV is enegry efficent light bubls .
  • Created inside a nbulb , shorwavelength carries more enery than visie light , energy of uV light abosrbed by energy efficent bulb and converted into visible light - requires less energy
  • Sun tanning - danger of skin cancner and premature aging of skin .
36
Q

What are xrays used for ?

A

Both used for medicial imaging
-Gamam rays detectcancers and treat tjem
-both very penetrative
however xrays can be absorbed by the bones .

Physics (20 decks)

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