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anatomy and physiology > Topic 3 the blood and cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Topic 3 the blood and cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

name 2 ways of obtaining a blood sample?

A

thumb prick, venipuncture

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2
Q

what is the meaning of viscosity?

A

resistance to flow

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3
Q

how much blood do adults have?

A

4-6L

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4
Q

how much blood is made up of plasma and cells?

A

plasma 55%, cells 45%

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5
Q

name 3 of the organic waste products carried by the blood?

A

urea, creatinine, uric acid

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6
Q

what are erythrocytes?

A

red blood cells

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7
Q

what is the action of carbonic anhydrase enzyme?

A

produces carbonic acid from C02 and water

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8
Q

how many protein chains does haemoglobin have?

A

4

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9
Q

what is the normal red cells count of females?

A

3.8-5.8 x 1012/ L

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10
Q

what is the normal red cell count of males?

A

4.5-6.6 x 1012/L

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11
Q

what is the definition of erythrocyte sedimentation rate?

A

time is takes RBCs to settle

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12
Q

how do you work out the ESR in males?

A

ages divided by 2

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13
Q

how do you work out the ESR in females?

A

ages + 10/2

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14
Q

what is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased by?

A

cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, kidney disease

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15
Q

what is a leukocyte?

A

white blood cell

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16
Q

what do neutrophils do?

A

phagocytosis in bacterial infections

17
Q

what do eosinophils do?

A

parasitic infections or allergies

18
Q

what do basophils act on?

A

chicken pox, sinusitis, diabetes

19
Q

what do lymphocytes do?

A

destroy foreign cells and virally infected cells

20
Q

what do monocytes do?

A

become tissue macrophages

21
Q

what do platelets secrete?

A

clotting factors, factors for endothelial repair, vasoconstrictors

22
Q

what is the action of platelets?

A

form temporary platelet plugs, dissolve old blood clots, attract WBCs t site of infection

23
Q

name 3 tissues that produce blood cells

A

yolk sac, liver, red bone marrow, lymphoid tissue

24
Q

how long do RBC live for?

A

120 days

25
Q

what digests the cell components of erythrocytes?

A

macrophages in liver and spleen

26
Q

what hormone is released in response to a drop in RBC count?

A

EPO

27
Q

what is anaemia?

A

problems with RBCs or haemoglobin

28
Q

what are the causes of anaemia?

A

poor nutrition, loss of blood, RBC destruction, disease of the cells

29
Q

what are the effects of anaemia?

A

shortness of breath, hypoxia, leathargy, light headed, tired, pale

anatomy and physiology (12 decks)

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