Topic 3 the blood and cardiovascular system

Question 1

name 2 ways of obtaining a blood sample?

Answer 1

thumb prick, venipuncture

Question 2

what is the meaning of viscosity?

Answer 2

resistance to flow

Question 3

how much blood do adults have?

Answer 3

4-6L

Question 4

how much blood is made up of plasma and cells?

Answer 4

plasma 55%, cells 45%

Question 5

name 3 of the organic waste products carried by the blood?

Answer 5

urea, creatinine, uric acid

Question 6

what are erythrocytes?

Answer 6

red blood cells

Question 7

what is the action of carbonic anhydrase enzyme?

Answer 7

produces carbonic acid from C02 and water

Question 8

how many protein chains does haemoglobin have?

Answer 8

4

Question 9

what is the normal red cells count of females?

Answer 9

3.8-5.8 x 1012/ L

Question 10

what is the normal red cell count of males?

Answer 10

4.5-6.6 x 1012/L

Question 11

what is the definition of erythrocyte sedimentation rate?

Answer 11

time is takes RBCs to settle

Question 12

how do you work out the ESR in males?

Answer 12

ages divided by 2

Question 13

how do you work out the ESR in females?

Answer 13

ages + 10/2

Question 14

what is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased by?

Answer 14

cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, kidney disease

Question 15

what is a leukocyte?

Answer 15

white blood cell

Question 16

what do neutrophils do?

Answer 16

phagocytosis in bacterial infections

Question 17

what do eosinophils do?

Answer 17

parasitic infections or allergies

Question 18

what do basophils act on?

Answer 18

chicken pox, sinusitis, diabetes

Question 19

what do lymphocytes do?

Answer 19

destroy foreign cells and virally infected cells

Question 20

what do monocytes do?

Answer 20

become tissue macrophages

Question 21

what do platelets secrete?

Answer 21

clotting factors, factors for endothelial repair, vasoconstrictors

Question 22

what is the action of platelets?

Answer 22

form temporary platelet plugs, dissolve old blood clots, attract WBCs t site of infection

Question 23

name 3 tissues that produce blood cells

Answer 23

yolk sac, liver, red bone marrow, lymphoid tissue

Question 24

how long do RBC live for?

Answer 24

120 days

Question 25

what digests the cell components of erythrocytes?

Answer 25

macrophages in liver and spleen

Question 26

what hormone is released in response to a drop in RBC count?

Answer 26

EPO

Question 27

what is anaemia?

Answer 27

problems with RBCs or haemoglobin

Question 28

what are the causes of anaemia?

Answer 28

poor nutrition, loss of blood, RBC destruction, disease of the cells

Question 29

what are the effects of anaemia?

Answer 29

shortness of breath, hypoxia, leathargy, light headed, tired, pale