skeletal system? Flashcards
what are the two component of the bone matrix?
organic components, and inorganic
what is the organic component of the bone?
osteoid, collagen and protein (strong, flexible but easily compressed)
what is the inorganic component of the bone?
hydroxyapatite, deposition of mineral salts (calcium phosphate and carbonate) hard inflexible and brittle
what are osteoblasts?
new bones and secrete osteoid (mineral deposition)
what are osteocytes?
mature bone cells
what are osteoclasts?
remove mineral from the matrix, bone remodelling
what are osteogenic stem cells?
develop into osteoblasts
what are cancellous bone?
less compact and heavy compared to compact bone and spaces in-between haphazardly arranged bone is bone marrow
what are are two ways of forming bone?
intramembranous ossification, endochondral ossification
what causes bone growth to stop?
at puberty growth and thyroid hormones increase, osteoblast activity increases and catches up with cartilage formation
how does the bone heal?
haemotoma formation
area invaded by capillaries etc- soft callus forms
soft callus hardened by mineral deposition
remodelling by osteoclasts
what is a synarthrosis joint?
little or no movement
what is a amphiarthtrosis joint?
slightly moveable
what is a diarthroses joint?
freely moveable
what is a cartilaginous joint?
bones held together by cartilage
what is a fibrous joint?
bones held together by collagenous fibres
what is a synovial joint?
bones separated by joint cavity and enclosed in a fibrous capsule
what are the 3 parts of the sternum?
manubrium, body and xiphisternum
what makes up the appendicular skeleton?
pectoral gridle, upper limb, pelvic girlde, lower limb
what makes up the pectoral girlde?
scapulae and clavicle
what forms the shoulder joint?
humerus and glenoid fossa
what makes up the pelvic girdle?
sarum and to coaxae
what type of bone is the patella?
sesamoid
