topic 2: co-ordination and control Flashcards
what is the primary role of glia?
support neurons
what do schwann cells do?
myelinated axons of neurons of a single axon in PNS
what do oligodendrocytes do?
myelinate axons of many axons in CNS
what happens to the conduction in multiple sclerosis?
damaged myelin sheath, decreased conduction in axons
what does the sympathetic nervous system do to the body?
tachycardia, increased bp/blood sugar, inhibits GI peristalsis, pupil dilation
what does the parasympathetic nervous system do to the body?
bradycardia, increased GI motility, bronchial constriction, pupil constriction, gastric acid secretion
what is the role of nicotine?
stimulate ACh receptors, control ion channels
what are the two type of acetylcholine receptors?
nicotinic, muscarinic
where are muscarinic acetylcholine receptors found?
target tissues of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
where are nicotinic receptors found?
ganglionic synapses of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
what are muscarinic receptors blocked by?
atropine
what are nicotinic receptors blocked by?
curare
what substance is released from the adrenal cortex?
cortisol
in the sympathetic NS, are the preganglionic neutrons long or shot?
short
in the parasympathetic NS, are the preganglionic neutrons long or shot?
long
in the parasympathetic NS where are the ganglia located?
close to the effector
what NS (parasympatethic/ sympathetic) controls anabolic and catabolic metabolism?
catabolic- sympathetic
anabolic- parasympathetic
what are the 3 different types of hormones?
steroid, peptide, amine
what does the parathyroid hormone do?
increases Ca2+
what does calcitonin do?
decrease a raised plasma Ca2+
what does aldosterone do?
increases plasma Na+
what does ADH do?
increases water reabsorption at the kidneys
what does ANP do?
increases Na+ loss at the kidneys
what is the role of the hypothalamus within the endocrine glands?
produces hormones
