topic 2a - bonding and structure (7. allotropes of carbon)

Question 1

state the allotropes of carbon

Answer 1

fullerenes, graphene, graphite, diamond

Question 2

how are the atoms in diamond structured

Answer 2

each carbon atom forms 4 covalent bonds. forms very rigid structure which is why diamond is so hard. high melting point, does not conduct electricity because it has no free electrons

Question 3

how are atoms in graphite structured

Answer 3

2 covalent bonds, arranged in hexagons, held by weak intermolecular forces, make graphite soft and slippery ideal lubricating material. sheets of these
high melting point, only three out of 4 outer electrons are used in bonds this means that graphite can conduct electricity.

Question 4

how are graphene atoms structured

Answer 4

baisically on sheet of graphite, making a 2 dimensional substance, network of covalent bond makes graphene very strong, also light, contains delocalised electrons so can be used to conduct electricity.

Question 5

how are fullerene atoms structured

Answer 5

hollow molecules of carbon, can contain hexagons and pentagons.

Question 6

what are the uses of fullerenes

Answer 6

in medicine, catalysts, lubricants, strengthening materials, in electronics