Topic 2 - Papers And Boards Flashcards
What factors do we need to consider when publishing and packing with paper
1) the strength of the paper/board
2) the colour and and texture of the paper/board
3) the printing quality of the paper/board
4) any specific qualities of the paper/board
What is the stock form of paper/ board
The size and weight of the paper/ board
What is paper measured in and what is board measured in?
Paper is measured in GSM (grams per square metre) - when paper is more than 1000gsm it is considered as board
Board is measure in microns
What are some properties and commons uses of bleed proof paper
Is it expensive, smooth and hard paper. It is very good for high quality presentation work. It weighs 120-150 gsm. It prevents ink seeping through. It is used for presentation work
What are some properties and commons uses of cartridge paper
It is high quality heavy paper that is 130gsm. It can be rough semi smooth or smooth and is slightly thicker than standard paper. It is used for sketching and drawing.
What are some properties and commons uses of grid paper
It is printed with different fridges therefore a guide for cutting. It is used for model making , initial models and drawings
What are some properties and commons uses of layout paper and paper
It is thin and translucent paper suited for marker, pen and pencil work. It is 50gsm. It is used to trace an image or parts of an image/ text
What are some properties and commons uses of tracing paper
It is thin but strong paper that is 40-90 gam. It is used to trace copies
What are some properties and commons uses of corrugated cardboard
It is a low cost board that is strong, ridges and durable. It is mainly used for food packaging and it is over 1000 microns
What are some properties and commons uses of duplex board
It has a waxy texture and a waterproof liner on one side. It is suitable for printings is is used in carton or food packaging. Used for holding hot liquids
What are some properties and commons uses of foil lined board
It is good quality cardboard that has an aluminium foil lining that acts as an insulator. User for food packaging
What are some properties and commons uses of foam core board
It has a clean finish, even thickness and is lightweight. It is used for displays and model making
What are some properties and commons uses of solid white board
It is expensive due to its top quality finish’s it is smooth and white and good for printing on. It is used for book covers
What are some properties and commons uses of folding board
It is made from several layers that have been glued together. Used for food cartons and packaging
Why is flexibility and rigidity useful for papers and boards
To make 3D products you need paper and board that can be bent of folded without breaking but is rigid enough to keep its shape. Corrugated board is a good option when you need a strong, stiff material
Why is toxicity and sustainability a con for papers and boards
Recycled paper and board may contain toxic chemicals which means they’re not suitable for used as food packaging.
Laminated paper and board can be hard to recycle because it’s hard to separate the paper/ board from the other materials
Why is strength and weight good/ bad for papers and boards
Some materials can withstand a fair amount of force without breaking - good for heavy duty packaging or products that will be handed a lot.
But stronger materials are usually bulkier which can impact transport costs
Why is cost and quality good/ bad for papers and boards
Expensive paper and board makes the product feel high quality. But if is only worth using for luxury products or something that has to last a long time
Which board is good for printing on and why use plain recycled board
Solid white board because it has an excellent surface for printing on.
Plain recycle board can be used for something that doesn’t need a good finish
What properties does card based food packaging need to have, what materials should be used
It needs to be printable so that the customer can see the advertising and nutritional information. It has to be waterproof and airtight.
A combination of aluminium foil can board should be used because it keeps flavours on and out. Duplex board is also used because it is strong and easy to print on
In flyers and leaflets, what appear can work well and what should the quality be like
Some leaflets might be printed on heavier, higher quality paper because it suits a higher quality product. Biodegradable paper would work well as the leaflets are often thrown away. The quality of print doesn’t need to be high as it doesn’t last for a long time
What is laminating
Overlaying a flat surface with a layer of plastics or some other protective material
What is coating
A layer of particular substance that covers a surface. Examples include clay coating, coated metal and dip coating
What is composition/ composite
A material made by binding two or more different materials together
What is a translucent material
A material that allows light to pass through but is not completely clear
What is absorbent
Able to soak up and retain liquid, heat or light
What does GSM stand for
Grams per square meter
What are microns
A unit of length - one micron is one thousandth of a mm. it is a small unit of measurement that measured length
Where are cellulose fibres found
Plants and trees
What is the process of debarking
Logs are collected up and the bark is stripped off. The wood is then put through a machine which chips it. Then we add water to this, filter this and bleach this. Then we squeeze this pulp and add more materials depending on what kind of paper we want
What is the opacity of a material and how can the opacity of paper be altered
Opacity of a material is how much light can pass through the material. It is the opposite of translucency. Chalks and clays change the opacity.
How is watermark added to paper
Watermark is pressed into paper using a dandy roll. A dandy roll is a roller which is used to solidify partly formed paper during its manufacture
What are calendars used for in the paper making process
Calendars are used to ensure the paper thickness is even and smooth
What is a fourdrinier machine
A machine for making paper as a continuous sheet by draining pump in a wire mesh belt
What is CMYK,
CMYK is their term used to describe the colours cyan, magenta, yellow and key black. These are the four main colours used in printing processes. Front the colours all knee colours can be made
What does lithography use
An oil based ink and water
It lithography, ultraviolet light is used to do what?
To transfer the image onto a smooth aluminium printing plate - the image area gets coated with a a chemical that attracts the oily ink but repels water so the image area holds ink and the non image area holds water
Why is lithography and offset lithography used
Because they are fast ways of printing and they give you a high quality product. They are also great for print runs of 1000 copies or more so you can print books, newspapers, magazines, packaging etc
How does offset lithography work
The image is printed onto a rubber blanket cylinder which squeezes away the water and transfers the ink to the paper
what does flexography use and what materials can you print on to
A printing plate made of flexible rubber or plastic. The image sticks out a bit from the plate. You can print onto different surfaces like cardboard or plastic bottles
Why is flexography good for printing
It is quicker than lithography, the printing plates last longer and it is used for large print runs (over 5000) like packaging, wallpaper and carrier bags
How does screen printing work
A stencil is out under a fine mesh screen and ink is spread over the top. The ink goes through the stencil and print onto the material below
What advantages are there to screen printing
It’s a low cost process, fine detail isn’t needed mix you can print onto various surfaces or on textiles
What are some examples of screen printing
Posters, estate agents signs
What is die cutting used for
Used to cut shapes out of and crease lines into paper and board. It is on card and paper based products
Why is die cutting ‘good’
Because it is accurate, precise and can be used at speed
What are the two blades used for in die cutting
A die cutter contains two types of blade. One is used for cutting lines and is very sharp and the other is a more rounded blade which creases the cardboard to created fold lines
What is embossing
The process of making a relief (raised impression) of the text or image.
What is the process of embossing
Paper is sandwiched between a female die and a male die. This forces the paper to the shape of the dies. They remain in shape when the dies are released
What is an advantage and disadvantage of embossing
It’s an expensive process but it adds texture and can suggest quality
Why is varnishing used
Used to make things look smooth and glossy or matt, do they look more high quality. The varnish can be used to protect and improve the visual appeal of the product. It can be applied to the entire material or specific points (spot varnishing)
Examples : postcards, magazines, playing cards
What is ultra violet varnish
A varnish that dries when passed under uv light
Why is UV varnish used and what are some advantages
Because it improves the durability and appearance of the material. It is also a good finish for items that are going to be handled frequently as it protects the paper for example magazine covers. It is a quick drying process
What is quality control
The checks that re carried out on a sample of materials, products or components throughout production to make sure standards are being met
What is the role of a quality assurance manager
To check the quality of raw materials and components used in manufacture. To check the machines used and the capability of the employees who are manufacturing the product to ensure the product will be manufacture to the highest standard
Why are target/ registration marks used and where are they printed on to
To help us to determine whether the print is aligned accurately. They are printed onto the paper
What happens if the target/ registration marks appear fuzzy
The print will not be aligned and the images won’t be clear
Why is a colour bar used for
To ensure that the printed images are high quality and that the colour and tints are consistent in density
Why is a densitometer used
To check the colour and make adjustments if necessary
Where are crop marks located and why are they used
They are located in the 4 corners of a printed sheet. They inform us and the printer where to trim and cut paper
Offer commercial prints create bleeds on their print (print beyond edge of what is needed). What should the crop marks do
Inform us where the paper needs to be cut and which part of the print is extra bleed
What is a flow chart
A method of showing a process or a series of steps
