Topic 2 Network Fundamentals Part 1 Flashcards
What are the Components of a Basic Network?
- A media connection
- 2 network adapters
- 2 computers
What is a peer-to-peer network? Give examples
Two or more PCs are connected and share resources without going through a separate server computer.
- Sharing printers
- Sharing storage
- Localized administration
What is a Client-Server Network?
Client-server networks are computer networks that use a dedicated computer (server) to store data, manage/provide resources and control user access.
Servers provide clients with:
- Shared printers
- Network storage
- Network security features
- Other network resources
What is a server?
- Provides resources to a network such as shared drives and storage
- Provides services to a network such as printing, faxing, addressing and naming
What is a client?
A computer that receives services from a server
What is a host?
Anything that runs a host operating system
What is a node?
Any addressable location on a network:
- Server
- Client
- Host
- Printer
- Fax
- Storage
What is a network topology?
Network topology refers to how various devices are physically connected on the network or logically arranged in relation to each other.
What is a physical network topology?
It refers to the actual connections (wires, cables, etc.) of devices in the network.
What is a Logical network topology?
It refers to the higher level idea of how the entire network is set up and how data is transmitted through the network.
State all the different topologies. 5
- Bus Topology
- Ring Topology
- Star Topology
- Mesh Topology
- Hybrid Topology
What is a LAN?
A LAN usually spans a small geographical area
- It provides services and applications to people within a common organizational structure, such as a home, building or campus
- Usually administered by a single organization
- Security and access control policies are enforced on the network level
What is a WAN?
TSPs or WAN operate large regional networks that span long distances
- It interconnect an organization’s LANs that are located geographically far apart
- WANs use specifically designed network devices to make the interconnections between LANs
What are protocols?
- Pre-determined rules that govern communications
- A group of inter-related protocols that are necessary to perform a communication function is called a protocol suite
What are the roles of protocols?
- The format of the message, such as how much data to put into each segment
- The process by which intermediary devices share information about the path to the destination
- The method to handle error and system messages between intermediary devices
- The process to setup and terminate communications or data transfers between hosts
What is the difference between protocol and reference model? Match, consistency
A protocol model provides a model that closely matches the structure of a particular protocol suite - Eg Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
A reference model provides a common reference for maintaining consistency within all types of network protocols and services
- It is not intended to be an implementation specification or to provide a sufficient level of detail to define precisely the services of the network architecture
- The primary purpose is to aid in clearer understanding of the functions and processes involved
Eg. Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model
What is the TCP/IP model?
The TCP/IP model describes the functions that occur at the 4 layers of protocols within the TCP/IP suite
What is OSI Model?
The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is used for network design, operation specifications and troubleshooting
What are the 4 communication function that protocols perform in the TCP/IP model?
- Network Access - Controls hardware device and media that make up the network
- Internet - Determines best path through the network
- Transport - Supports communication between diverse devices across diverse networks
- Application - Represents data to the user plus encoding and dialog control
Explain the full communication process in the TCP/IP model.
- Creation of data at the application layer of the originating source end device
- Segmentation and encapsulation of data as it passes down the protocol stack in the source end device
- Generation of the data onto the media at the network access layer of the stack
- Transportation of the data through the internetwork, which consists of media and any intermediary devices
- Reception of the data at the network access layer of the destination end device
- Decapsulation and reassembly of the data as it passes up the stack in the destination device
- Passing this data to the destination application at the application layer of the destination end device
