Chapter 2 - Kinematics Concepts Flashcards
What is the Anatomical Reference Position?
It is considered the starting point for all body segment movements where a body is in erect standing position with body parts facing foward.
What are the 6 directional terms?
1) Anterior
2) Posterior
3) Superior
4) Inferior
5) Proximal
6) Distal
What is the meaning of Anterior (Ventral) ?
it means Infront
What is the meaning of Posterior (Dorsal) ?
it means behind
What is the meaning of Superior?
it means above or towards the head
What is the meaning of Inferior?
it means below or away from the head
What is the meaning of Proximal?
it means Close to. with reference to the body part
What is the meaning of Distal?
i means away or further from. with reference to the body part.
What are the 3 reference planes?
1) Sagittal Plane
2) Frontal Plane
3) Transverse Plane
What is the Sagittal Plane?
it is the plane in which forward and backward movement of the body occurs (e.g. walking )
What is the Frontal Plane?
It is the plane in which lateral or side to side movement occurs. ( e.g. abduction and adduction of the legs)
What is the Transverse plane?
it is the plane where rotational movement occurs
What is the 3 Reference Axes?
1) Longitudinal axis
2) Anteroposterior axis
3) Mediolateral axis
What is the longitudinal axis?
it is directed vertically means the line is drawn vertically in the human body and the rotational movement occurs around the line. ( e.g. ballet spin/ pirouette )
What is the anteroposterior axis?
it is directed along the sagittal plane meaning the line is draw in the from front to back and the rotational movement occurs in the frontal plane. ( e.g. cartwheel )
What is the Mediolateral axis?
it is directed along the frontal plane means the line is drawn from left side of body to right side. the rotational movement occurs in the sagittal plane. ( e.g. swing my arms in 1 circle )
What are the 4 Forms of motion?
1) Rectilinear motion
2) Curvilinear motion
3) Angular motion
4) General motion
What is Rectilinear motion?
Movement that occurs along a straight line
What is Curvilinear motion?
Movement that occurs along a curved line
What is Angular Motion?
Rotation movement around an Axis
What is General Motion?
A Combination of linear and angular motion.
(includes most of human motion)
What is the Spatial Reference System and which is the most common?
1) It is a Standard for description of human motion
2) the most commonly used reference is the Cartesian Coordinate System
3) can be both +ve or -ve
What is Flexion?
Example : Bringing forearm closer to upper arm during bicep curl
usually associated with bending to reduce angle between joints
What is Extention?
Example: Straightening your arm after bicep curl
usually associated with straightening and increase angle between joints
What is Hyperextension?
Hyperextension refers to the excessive extension or overextension of a joint beyond its normal range of motion in the opposite direction of flexion.
What is Abduction?
Example: Opening your legs side to side
Abduction refers to the movement of a body part away from the midline of the body or the centerline of a limb.
What is Adduction?
Example: Closing your legs side to side
Adduction refers to the movement of a body part toward the midline of the body or the centerline of a limb.
What is Lateral Flexion?
Example: Tilting upper body side to side
Lateral flexion refers to the bending or tilting of the torso or neck sideways, away from the midline of the body.
What is Radial Deviation?
Refers to the movement of the wrist and hand towards the thumb side of the forearm.
What is Ulnar Deviation?
Refers to the movement of the wrist and hand towards the pinky side of the forearm.
What is Elevation?
Example: Shoulder elevation Raising the shoulders towards the ears or lifting the arms upward.
Elevation refers to the upward movement or raising of a body part.
What is Depression?
Example: Shoulder depression Lowering the shoulders from an elevated position or bringing the arms downward.
Refers to the downward movement or lowering of a body part.
What is Eversion?
Eversion refers to the outward or lateral movement of the foot at the ankle joint
What is Inversion?
Inversion refers to the inward or medial movement of the foot at the ankle joint
What is Medial Rotation?
Medial rotation, also known as internal rotation, refers to the movement of a body part towards the midline of the body or towards the center of a limb involving rotation
Example: Twisting your leg inside
What is Lateral Rotation?
Lateral rotation, also known as external rotation, refers to the movement of a body part away from the midline of the body or away from the center of a limb involving rotation
Example: Twisting your Leg outside
What is Supination?
Supination refers to the rotational movement of the forearm and hand that results in the palm facing upward or forward.
What is Pronation?
Pronation refers to the rotational movement of the forearm and hand that results in the palm facing downward or inward.
What is Horizontal Abduction?
Example: Horizontal abduction of the shoulder: Moving the arm away from the body horizontally, as in opening the arms out to the sides or performing a “T” shape with the body.
What is Horizontal Adduction?
Example: Horizontal adduction of the shoulder Bringing the arm across the front of the body horizontally, as in hugging oneself or crossing the arms in front of the chest.
