Chapter 9 Human Gait Flashcards
What is Human Gait?
it is the translatory progression of the human body as a whole, produced by coordinated, rotatory movements of the body segments
What is the purpose of studying Human Gait?
To analyze, identify and correct abnormalities in gait
What are the 5 Major Tasks of Gait?
1) Maintain support of head, arms and trunk
2) Maintain upright posture and balance of body
3) Control foot trajectory to achieve safe ground clearance and gentle heel/toe landing
4) Generate mechanical energy to maintain or increase forward velocity
5) Absorb mechanical energy for shock absorption and stability to decrease forward velocity of body
What are the 3 things a Modern Gait Laboratory have?
1) Motion analysis system - to track body segment motion and generate 3D anatomical model
2) Force platforms - provide the forces analysis from the ground
3) EMG system - provide muscle activity information
What is a gait cycle?
it is the time interval which occurs where two consecutive initial contacts of the same foot occur
What is stride length?
it is the distance covered by one gait cycle
What are the phases of a gait cycle?
Stance phase - 60%
Swing phase - 40%
What are the 2 supports in a gait cycle?
Single limb support - approximately 80%
double limb support - approximately 20%
What are the 5 events in stance phase?
1) Initial Contact - refers to the instant the foot strikes the ground
2) Foot flat - the first instant when the foot is flat on the ground
3) Midstance - the point at which the body weight is over the supporting extremity
4) Heel-off - the point at which the heel leaves the ground
5) Toe-off - the point where the toe leaves the ground
(All is based on 1 reference extremity)
What are the 4 Events in swing phase?
1) Acceleration/early swing - from the toe leaves the ground until swinging extremity is directly under body
2) Initial swing - from toe leaves the ground until maximum knee flexion
3) Mid-swing - from maximum knee flexion to straight knee extension
4) Deceleration/Late swing - occurs when limb decelerating and preparing for heel strike
What are the 8 gait temporal variables ( time variables )
1) Stance time
2) Single-Limb support time
3) Double support time
4) Swing time
5) Stride duration
6) Step duration
7) Cadence
8) Speed
What are the 4 gait distance variables?
1) Stride length
2) Step length
3) Step width
4) Degree of toe out
What is Stance time?
Amount of time spend during stance phase of one extremity
What is Single-Limb support time?
Amount of time spend when only one extremity is supporting the body
What is Double support time?
Amount of time spend both feet is on the ground supporting the body
