Chapter 10 Orthotics

Question 1

What is Orthotics?

Answer 1

it is a medical specialty that focuses on the design and application of orthoses

Question 2

What is Orthosis?

Answer 2

An externally applied device used to influence the structure and function of the neuromuscular and skeletal system

Question 3

What is the function of Orthosis?

Answer 3

It is to alter the mechanics of walking

Question 4

What are the 5 functions that are included in Orthosis? SPPRA

Answer 4

1) Support normal alignment

2) Prevent unwanted motion

3) Prevent deformity

4) Reduce unwanted forces or moments

5) Augment joint power

Question 5

What are examples of Lower limb orthoses?

Answer 5

A brace, splint, or other artificial external device serving to support the limbs or spine or to prevent or assist relative movement.

Question 6

What are the 7 indication that a patient requires Lower Limb Orthoses? RCPSDDT

Answer 6

1) Requires Assistance in Motion

2) Correct flexible deformity

3) Prevent progression of fixed deformity

4) Stabilize gait

5) Decrease pain

6) Decrease energy expenditure

7) Transfer weight

Question 7

What are the 3 types of causes for Lower Limb Abnormalities?

Answer 7

1) Congenital

2) Diseases

3) Trauma

Question 8

What are the 4 Congenital Lower Limb Abnormalities

Answer 8

1) Cerebral palsy

2) Long bone malformations

3) Osteogenesis imprefecta

4) Club foot

Question 9

What are the 3 Lower Limb Disease Abnormalities?

Answer 9

1) Arthritis/Osteoarthritis

2) Muscular dystrophy

3) Scoliosis

Question 10

What are the 4 Lower Limb Trauma Abnormalities?

Answer 10

1) Fractures

2) Head injuries

3) Muscle/cartilage/tendon ruptures

4) Spinal Cord injuries

Question 11

What are the 5 Factors to consider for Ideal Orthosis? (FCCFC)

Answer 11

1) Function

2) Comfort

3) Cosmesis

4) Fabrication

5) Cost

Question 12

What are the 6 important points for function? MMMMEE

Answer 12

1) Meet the individual’s mobility needs

2) maximizes stance phase stability

3) minimize abnormal alignment

4) Minimally compromises the swing clearance

5) effective at prepositioning limb for initial contact

6) Energy efficient

Question 13

What are the 2 important points for Comfort?

Answer 13

1) can be worn for long periods without causing pain

2) easy to put on and take off

Question 14

What is 1 important point for Cosmesis?

Answer 14

It meets the individual’s need to fit in with peers especially children

Question 15

What are the 5 important points for Fabrication?

Answer 15

1) can be made in a short period of time

2) Use minimally complex design

3) some adjustability to enhance initial fitting

4) can respond to growth or change over time

5) Durable

Question 16

What is the important point for Cost?

Answer 16

Minimal initial cost and cost of maintenance

Question 17

What are the 5 types of Orthoses?

Answer 17

1) Foot Orthoses (FO)
2) Ankle-Foot Orthoses (AFO)
3) Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthoses (KAFO)
4) Hip-Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthoses (HKAFO)
5) Reciprocating Gait Orthoses (RGO)

Question 18

Why are orthoses classified as acronyms?

Answer 18

to reduce the wide spread variation in description for orthoses

Question 19

What is Foot Orthoses?

Answer 19

In-shoe brace which is design to correct abnormal foot and lower extremity function

Question 20

What is Ankle Foot Orthoses?

Answer 20

A brace that surrounds the ankle and at least part of the foot

Question 21

What are the 7 indications that patient need a AFO? CMPUEAI

Answer 21

1) cant control ankle position
2) muscle weakness
3) painful movement of ankle due to arthritis or fracture
4) unstable ankle and subtalar joint
5) enhance normal movement of ankle
6) abnormal gait
7) increase efficiency of walking

Question 22

What are the 2 types of AFO?

Answer 22

1) Static AFO

2) Dynamic AFO

Question 23

What can Static AFO be used for?

Answer 23

It can be used to support the weakened or paralyzed body parts in a particular position (eg. drop foot from a stroke)

Question 24

What are 3 assistive functions of static AFO?

Answer 24

1) Used to support the weakened or paralyzed body parts in a particular position

2) Can provide some dorsiflexion assistance to the ankle joint

3) Can block ankle movements and stabilize the subtalar joint.

Question 25

What can Dynamic AFO be used for?

Answer 25

It can be used to facilitate body motion to allow optimal function

Question 26

What are 2 assistive functions of Dynamic AFO?

Answer 26

1) Provides subtalar stabilization while allowing free ankle dorsiflexion and free or restricted plantar flexion.

2) Can be dispensed as an over the counter device or as a custom made device

Question 27

When do we need Knee Ankle Foot Orthoses?

Answer 27

Only when there is a need for knee control in addition to foot/ankle control

Question 28

What is Hip-Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthoses?

Answer 28

it is use for paraplegia as they are unable to achieve and maintain upright posture due to spinal cord damage or congenital abnormality.

Question 29

What is Reciprocating Gait Orthosis?

Answer 29

It is an orthoses that links two KAFO together by a band or a push-pull rod which transfers movement energy from one leg to another.

Question 30

What are Exoskeletons?

Answer 30

they are the future of Orthoses