Topic 2 Flashcards
What is the sagittal plane?
It divides the body into left and right
Sagittal- Splits
What is an example of a sport or action taking place along the sagittal plane?
Running, lunges forward and backward, kicking a football forward, jumping forward
What types of movements occur on the sagittal plane?
Flexion and extension types of movement occur in this plane,
What is the frontal plane?
passes from side to side and divides the body into the front and back
Frontal- FRont and back
What is an example of a sport or action taking place along the frontal plane?
Cartwheel, jumping jacks
What types of movements occur on the frontal plane?
Abduction and adduction movements occur in this plane
What is the transverse plane?
passes through the middle of the body and divides the body horizontally in an upper and lower half.
What is an example of a sport or action taking place along the transverse plane?
Spinning in ice skating, a golf swing torso movement , twisting in a discuss throw, pivoting in netball
What types of movements occur on the transverse plane?
Rotational movements
Where does the frontal axis run through?
Frontal axis - this line runs from left to right through the centre of the body.
Where does the vertical axis run through?
- this line runs from top to bottom through the centre of the body.
Where does the sagittal axis run through?
this line runs from front to back through the centre of the body.
Give an example of a sport or movement that occurs on the frontal axis?
when a person performs a somersault they rotate around this axis.
Give an example of a sport or movement that occurs on the vertical axis?
when a skater performs a spin they are rotating around the vertical axis.
Give an example of a sport or movement that occurs on the sagittal axis?
when a person performs a cartwheel they are rotating about the sagittal axis.
Does each plane run on a particular axis?
Yes
What is the pneumonic to remember what plane belongs to what axis?
Sit
Forward
For
School
Towards
Victory
What axis does the sagittal plane run on?
Frontal
What axis does the transverse plane run on?
Vertical
What axis does the frontal plane run on?
Sagittal
What is a lever?
Consists of a solid structure that pivots around a fulcrum
What is a fulcrum?
The part of the lever that pivots
What is the load?
This is the object or resistance that opposes the movement
What is the effort?
This is the force needed to be applied in order to move an object
How many types of levers are there?
3
Give an example of a fulcrum?
Elbow and knee joint
Give an example of an effort?
Muscles
Give an example of a load?
Dumbell
How many parts are there to a lever?
Fulcrum , load and effort
How do you remember what lever has what part in the middle?
123-FLE
wHAT ORDER IS THE FIRST CLASS LEVER?
First class lever – the fulcrum is in the middle of the effort and the load.
Where would you find a 1 class lever?
found in the neck when raising your head to head a football.
The neck muscles provide the effort, the neck is the fulcrum, and the weight of the head and gravity is the load.
wHAT ORDER IS THE 2 CLASS LEVER?
Load is in the middle between the fulcrum and the effort.
wHAT ORDER IS THE 3rd CLASS LEVER?
Effort is in the middle between the fulcrum and the load.
Where would you find a 2 class lever?
found in the ankle area. When standing on tiptoe, the ball of the foot acts as the fulcrum, the weight of the body acts as the load and the effort comes from the contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle
Used when starting from a block during a sprint
Where would you find a 3 class lever?
biceps curl, the fulcrum is the elbow joint, the effort comes from the biceps contracting and the resistance is the weight of the forearm and any weight that it may be holding.
What are vectors?
They are quantities that have magnitude and direction
Give some examples of vectors
Velocity
Force
Acceleration
momentum
Displacement
What are scalars?
They are a quantity that only has direction
Give an example of a scaler quantity
Length
Weight
Time
Energy
Temperature
Volume
Area
When would someone have a mechanical advantage?
When people have a longer lever
It means they have a larger effort than load so they can do things more easily
Michael Phelps has arms 3 inches longer than normal so can generate more force due to the less effort than others
state the first law of motion
A body at rest will remain at rest unless and a body in motion with constant speed and direction will remain the same way unless acted upon by an external force.
give an example of an external force
Friction and gravity
Give an example of newtons first law in sport
A rugby ball on a tee before being kicked is stationary as the gravitational force is equal to the upward force so it doesn’t move. But when it is kicked this is an external force that make it unbalanced so the ball takes off in the direction that the persons foot kicked it
What is newtons second law of motion?
Force=mass x acceleration
Apply newtons second law to a sporting scenario
When a player kicks a soccer ball, the force applied by their foot causes the ball to accelerate. A stronger kick (more force) results in greater acceleration, making the ball move faster. Similarly, if the ball is heavier, it requires more force to achieve the same acceleration.
What is newtons third law of motion?
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
What is a sporting example of newtons third law
When a swimmer pushes backward against the water with their hands and feet, the water pushes them forward with an equal and opposite force. This reaction force propels the swimmer through the water.
The more force they apply to pushing the water backwards the faster they will go as an equal and opposite force is applied
What is the economy of movement/
It is how energy efficient an athlete is when preforming a movement
What are element s that affect the economy of movement?
Friction, inertia and gravity
What is creativity of application in sport?
It is the ability of an athlete to use their skills in an innovative and uniquw way to gain a competetive advantage, solve problems nad achieve succcess. It goes beyoned conventional thinking and involves adapting skills, thinking outside the box and showin individual flair.
Where is the creativity of application of sport commonly seen?
It is often seen isn sports that require improvisation, quick thinking and adaptability for success. For example, in gymnastics gymnast must be able to add in certain tricks or skills to give them a competitive advantage so they stand out. They could do this by incorporating unconventional dance elements or movements into a floor routine so they show originality and stand out.
What are the principles of effective practice?
goal-oriented;
appropriate;
progressive;
varied;
adaptable;
time-bound.
What can athletes do to improve their economy of movement in terms of technique? In a drop shot in basketball..
A performer with good technique ensures smooth energy transfer from the legs through the core and arms, reducing wasted energy and improving shooting accuracy.
What are the 4 factors that affect economy of movement?
technique;
coordination;
mobility;
stability.
What can athletes do to improve their economy of movement in terms of mobility? In a drop shot in basketball..
Mobility in joints, such as the ankle and hip, allows for an optimal jump, generating height and power while maintaining balance
What can athletes do to improve their economy of movement in terms of stability? In a drop shot in basketball..
Stability in the lumbar-pelvic region prevents unnecessary swaying, ensuring control during the shot. Improved energy efficiency enables the athlete to shoot repetitively without fatigue, sustaining performance throughout the game.
What can athletes do to improve their economy of movement in terms of coordination? In a drop shot in basketball..
Coordinated movements between joints like the shoulder and elbow enhance fluidity, enabling consistent shot release. This coordination ensures more efficient movement.
What are the consequences of poor economy of moveemnt/
Poor economy of movement, however, leads to inefficient energy use, fatigue, and decreased accuracy.
How can a basketball player improve their economy of movement
By refining internal factors - technique, coordination, mobility and stability - a basketball player can consistently perform high-quality, effective jump shots, contributing to their overall success in basketball.
Give an example of a creative application of skill? Something that highly skilled athletes will use their own unique skills to their advantage
No look pass in rugby
Drop shot in tennis
Overhead kick in football- Ronaldo
