Topic 14

Question 1

What is a population?

Answer 1

a group of individuals of one species living in a common location

Question 2

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 2

different populations living in their environment

Question 3

What is a community?

Answer 3

the sum all of the populations of different species

Question 4

How did Rita Colwell contribute to microbiology?

Answer 4

studied microbial population in ocean environments

Question 5

What is the metagenome?

Answer 5

the sum total of all DNA sequenced directly from an environmental sample

Question 6

What is phylogenomics?

Answer 6

profiling an ecosystem based on their taxonomic reference genes?

Question 7

What are the pros and cons of metagenomics?

Answer 7

Pros
- allows us to find the genome of unculturable cells

Cons
- does not tell the phenotypes or how the cells interact with eachother

Question 8

What is the study of metatranscriptomics?

Answer 8

analyses the transcription (mRNA) from an ecosystem and reading back to. genomes to identify cells

Question 9

What are proteomics?

Answer 9

analysis the protein components of a cell at a certain time

Question 10

What is element assimilation?

Answer 10

process by which organisms acquire an element to build cells

Question 11

What is element dissimilation?

Answer 11

the process of breaking down organic nutrients to inorganic materials

Question 12

What is mutualism?

Answer 12

each partner gains benefits from the other and may not grow independently

Question 13

What is syntrophy?

Answer 13

a benefical metabolic association requiring both partners to complete respiration to use resources from one another

Question 14

What is synergism?

Answer 14

an optional cooperation where both species benefit, but can grow independently

Question 15

What is commensalism?

Answer 15

one partner benefits, while the other is unaffected

Question 16

What is amensalism?

Answer 16

when one partner is harmed, without an intimate association

Question 17

What is parasitism?

Answer 17

an intimate association where one partner benefits while harming a host

Question 18

What kind of symbiosis do lichens demonstrate with fungi, algae, and cyanobacterium?

Answer 18

mutualism

Question 19

Describe the relationship between termites and their gut micrbiome?

Answer 19

mutualistic relationship; the termites can eat the wood but rely on their gut microbiome to break it down, the microbiome uses termites as an environment to grow

Question 20

What are the rhizoplane and the rhizosphere?

Answer 20

areas where microbes are located in a cell, rhizoplane - direct contact with plant root surface; rhizosphere - away from root surface

Question 21

What is ecto and endo mycorrhizae?

Answer 21

mycorrhizae that ecto - colonize root surface or endo - penetrate the root

Question 22

How did Norman Pace contribute to the study of microbiology?

Answer 22

sequenced samples from the pacific ocean

Question 23

What does the Van Niel Hypotheses state?

Answer 23

many species carry out different energy-yeilding reactions depending on what their environment has to offer

Question 24

What are trophic levels?

Answer 24

levels of consumption in a food web