Topic 14 Flashcards
What is a population?
a group of individuals of one species living in a common location
What is an ecosystem?
different populations living in their environment
What is a community?
the sum all of the populations of different species
How did Rita Colwell contribute to microbiology?
studied microbial population in ocean environments
What is the metagenome?
the sum total of all DNA sequenced directly from an environmental sample
What is phylogenomics?
profiling an ecosystem based on their taxonomic reference genes?
What are the pros and cons of metagenomics?
Pros
- allows us to find the genome of unculturable cells
Cons
- does not tell the phenotypes or how the cells interact with eachother
What is the study of metatranscriptomics?
analyses the transcription (mRNA) from an ecosystem and reading back to. genomes to identify cells
What are proteomics?
analysis the protein components of a cell at a certain time
What is element assimilation?
process by which organisms acquire an element to build cells
What is element dissimilation?
the process of breaking down organic nutrients to inorganic materials
What is mutualism?
each partner gains benefits from the other and may not grow independently
What is syntrophy?
a benefical metabolic association requiring both partners to complete respiration to use resources from one another
What is synergism?
an optional cooperation where both species benefit, but can grow independently
What is commensalism?
one partner benefits, while the other is unaffected
What is amensalism?
when one partner is harmed, without an intimate association
What is parasitism?
an intimate association where one partner benefits while harming a host
What kind of symbiosis do lichens demonstrate with fungi, algae, and cyanobacterium?
mutualism
Describe the relationship between termites and their gut micrbiome?
mutualistic relationship; the termites can eat the wood but rely on their gut microbiome to break it down, the microbiome uses termites as an environment to grow
What are the rhizoplane and the rhizosphere?
areas where microbes are located in a cell, rhizoplane - direct contact with plant root surface; rhizosphere - away from root surface
What is ecto and endo mycorrhizae?
mycorrhizae that ecto - colonize root surface or endo - penetrate the root
How did Norman Pace contribute to the study of microbiology?
sequenced samples from the pacific ocean
What does the Van Niel Hypotheses state?
many species carry out different energy-yeilding reactions depending on what their environment has to offer
What are trophic levels?
levels of consumption in a food web
