Topic 11 Flashcards
What are some distinguishing traits of deep-branching thermophilic bacteria?
they are extremophiles, fast growing, and have a high mutation rate
What are some distinguishing traits of Deinococcus radiodurans bacteria?
they can survive high amounts of radiation and desiccation, they contain multiple copies of a single chromosome all wounded together, they have multiple DNA repair mechanisms, and they are heterotrophs with a thick cell wall and S layer
What are some distinguishing traits of proteobacteria?
Gram-negative bacteria, have very diverse metabolism and have many different types (alpha, beta, gamma, and epsilon)
What are some distinguishing traits of Lactic acid bacteria?
Gram-positive fermicutes that do not form spores, are aerotolerant and can conduct fermentation
Compare and contrast the streptococcus and staphylococcus species.
Both
- gram-positive non-spore forming fermicutes
Strep
- aerotolerant
- cocci in chains
Staph
- facultative anaerobes
- cocci in clusters
What is aerotolerant respiration?
occurs when an organism cannot use oxygen for respiration but it can grow in it’s presence
What are facultative anaerobes?
organisms that can use oxygen for respiration but can also grow and respirate without it
What is the difference between methogens and methyltrophs?
methogens produce methane and methyltrophs use methane as a carbon source
What is oxygenic photosynthesis?
occurs when the electron donor originates from a water molecule and that reaction release oxygen as a by product
What is anaerobic photosynthesis?
occurs when the electron donor originates from hydrogen sulfide molecule and that reaction releases sulfer as a by product (not oxygen)
What is fermentation?
the production of ATP using phosphorylation of ADP or another organic compound to produce energy without the need of oxygen
What is the mechanism of the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin?
it is a spore-forming fermicute; it is used as a pesticide because when the bacteria is ingested by an insect, the high pH of the insect stomach will break down the mother cell and release the endospore which is a toxin that forms holes in the insect’s stomach. The toxin has to be activated by a high pH, so the toxin is useless in the acidic pH human/animal stomach
What are some features of members of the genus Bacillus?
Fermicutes, large rod-shaped cell, and forms endospores
What are fermicutes?
gram-positive bacteria that have a low guanine to cytosine dna content
What are some features of members of the genus Clostidium and 3 examples?
Fermicutes, rod shaped, and form drum stick like endospores; C. botulinum, C.tetani, and C. difficile
What are some features of members of the genus Streptomyces?
Actinomycetes, obligate aerobes, can form mycelia, and produce antibiotics
What are actinomycetes?
gram-positive bacteria that have a high guanine to cytosine dna content
What are some features of members of the genus Rhizobium?
Gram-negative anaerobic alphaproteobacteria that are nitrogen fixers that live symbiotically with plant roots
What are aquificae and thermotogae bacteria?
extreme deep-branching thermophiles, mostly lithotrophs, and show extensive horizontal gene transfer
Give 3 examples of deep-branching thermophiles.
Aquifex pyrophilus, thermocrinis ruber, and thermotoage maritima
Describe the phylum cyanobacteria?
- oxygenic photoautotrophs
- contain chlorophyll a and b and phycocyanin accessory proteins
- can also be photolithoautrophs and conduct anaerobic photosynthesis
What are the 3 branches of gram positive bacteria?
firmicutes, actinobacteria, and tenericutes (mollicutes)
What are some features of the bacillus genus and 2 examples?
firmicutes, rod-shaped, develop endospores; B. subtillis and B. anthracis
Describe alphaproteobacteria.
endosymbionts, consist of nitrogen fixers such as rhizobium
What is the Argobacterium tumefaciens?
An alphaproteobacteria that transfers tumor causing genes into plants
Describe beta-proteobacteria.
hetertrophs that include many animal pathogens
What is the Bedellovibrio stage of deltaproteobacterium?
deltaproteobacterium is an attack cell that penetrates the periplasm and becomes a protective incubator for the predator
What is the Vampirococcus sp?
deltaproteobacteria that is an extracellular parasite of Chromatium sp/
What is the Daptobacter sp.?
deltaproteobacteria that penetrates and grows in the cytoplasm of G- bacteria
What is the PVC super phylum?
archaea with no or little cell wall
What are planctomyces?
bacteria from the PVC superphylum that have no cell wall but a double membrane nuclear capsule and are oligotrophs
What are verromicrobia?
bacteria from the PVC superphylum that have no cell wall but tublins and are oligotrophs
