Topic 11

Question 1

What are some distinguishing traits of deep-branching thermophilic bacteria?

Answer 1

they are extremophiles, fast growing, and have a high mutation rate

Question 2

What are some distinguishing traits of Deinococcus radiodurans bacteria?

Answer 2

they can survive high amounts of radiation and desiccation, they contain multiple copies of a single chromosome all wounded together, they have multiple DNA repair mechanisms, and they are heterotrophs with a thick cell wall and S layer

Question 3

What are some distinguishing traits of proteobacteria?

Answer 3

Gram-negative bacteria, have very diverse metabolism and have many different types (alpha, beta, gamma, and epsilon)

Question 4

What are some distinguishing traits of Lactic acid bacteria?

Answer 4

Gram-positive fermicutes that do not form spores, are aerotolerant and can conduct fermentation

Question 5

Compare and contrast the streptococcus and staphylococcus species.

Answer 5

Both
- gram-positive non-spore forming fermicutes

Strep

• aerotolerant
• cocci in chains

Staph

• facultative anaerobes
• cocci in clusters

Question 6

What is aerotolerant respiration?

Answer 6

occurs when an organism cannot use oxygen for respiration but it can grow in it’s presence

Question 7

What are facultative anaerobes?

Answer 7

organisms that can use oxygen for respiration but can also grow and respirate without it

Question 8

What is the difference between methogens and methyltrophs?

Answer 8

methogens produce methane and methyltrophs use methane as a carbon source

Question 9

What is oxygenic photosynthesis?

Answer 9

occurs when the electron donor originates from a water molecule and that reaction release oxygen as a by product

Question 10

What is anaerobic photosynthesis?

Answer 10

occurs when the electron donor originates from hydrogen sulfide molecule and that reaction releases sulfer as a by product (not oxygen)

Question 11

What is fermentation?

Answer 11

the production of ATP using phosphorylation of ADP or another organic compound to produce energy without the need of oxygen

Question 12

What is the mechanism of the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin?

Answer 12

it is a spore-forming fermicute; it is used as a pesticide because when the bacteria is ingested by an insect, the high pH of the insect stomach will break down the mother cell and release the endospore which is a toxin that forms holes in the insect’s stomach. The toxin has to be activated by a high pH, so the toxin is useless in the acidic pH human/animal stomach

Question 13

What are some features of members of the genus Bacillus?

Answer 13

Fermicutes, large rod-shaped cell, and forms endospores

Question 14

What are fermicutes?

Answer 14

gram-positive bacteria that have a low guanine to cytosine dna content

Question 15

What are some features of members of the genus Clostidium and 3 examples?

Answer 15

Fermicutes, rod shaped, and form drum stick like endospores; C. botulinum, C.tetani, and C. difficile

Question 16

What are some features of members of the genus Streptomyces?

Answer 16

Actinomycetes, obligate aerobes, can form mycelia, and produce antibiotics

Question 17

What are actinomycetes?

Answer 17

gram-positive bacteria that have a high guanine to cytosine dna content

Question 18

What are some features of members of the genus Rhizobium?

Answer 18

Gram-negative anaerobic alphaproteobacteria that are nitrogen fixers that live symbiotically with plant roots

Question 19

What are aquificae and thermotogae bacteria?

Answer 19

extreme deep-branching thermophiles, mostly lithotrophs, and show extensive horizontal gene transfer

Question 20

Give 3 examples of deep-branching thermophiles.

Answer 20

Aquifex pyrophilus, thermocrinis ruber, and thermotoage maritima

Question 21

Describe the phylum cyanobacteria?

Answer 21

• oxygenic photoautotrophs
• contain chlorophyll a and b and phycocyanin accessory proteins
• can also be photolithoautrophs and conduct anaerobic photosynthesis

Question 22

What are the 3 branches of gram positive bacteria?

Answer 22

firmicutes, actinobacteria, and tenericutes (mollicutes)

Question 23

What are some features of the bacillus genus and 2 examples?

Answer 23

firmicutes, rod-shaped, develop endospores; B. subtillis and B. anthracis

Question 24

Describe alphaproteobacteria.

Answer 24

endosymbionts, consist of nitrogen fixers such as rhizobium

Question 25

What is the Argobacterium tumefaciens?

Answer 25

An alphaproteobacteria that transfers tumor causing genes into plants

Question 26

Describe beta-proteobacteria.

Answer 26

hetertrophs that include many animal pathogens

Question 27

What is the Bedellovibrio stage of deltaproteobacterium?

Answer 27

deltaproteobacterium is an attack cell that penetrates the periplasm and becomes a protective incubator for the predator

Question 28

What is the Vampirococcus sp?

Answer 28

deltaproteobacteria that is an extracellular parasite of Chromatium sp/

Question 29

What is the Daptobacter sp.?

Answer 29

deltaproteobacteria that penetrates and grows in the cytoplasm of G- bacteria

Question 30

What is the PVC super phylum?

Answer 30

archaea with no or little cell wall

Question 31

What are planctomyces?

Answer 31

bacteria from the PVC superphylum that have no cell wall but a double membrane nuclear capsule and are oligotrophs

Question 32

What are verromicrobia?

Answer 32

bacteria from the PVC superphylum that have no cell wall but tublins and are oligotrophs