Topic 12: Leisure and Work

Question 1

Defining

Answer 1

• Employment undertaken by an individuals or finical compensation
• Studying
• Looking for work
• Unpaid housework
• Care giving
• Bardering

Question 2

Relationship between work and leisure: industrial revolution

Answer 2

work in factories, sued leisure as escape from work. 60’s-70’s technology in workforce was increased so greater amounts of free time were being predicted

Question 3

Some theorized increasing automation in the workplace would result in..

Answer 3

feelings of boredom, alienation and loss of meaning in ones work and leisure would replace work as the central focus in life leading to a leisure society

Question 4

Spill over hypothesis (wilensky)

Answer 4

Proposed that qualities, characteristics and attitudes toward tasks people perform at work would be carried over or reflected in their leisure choices

Question 5

Spillover optimistic

Answer 5

individuals highly engaged in their work become actively involved in a variety of personally and or socially beneficial leisure actives

Question 6

Spilleover pessimistic

Answer 6

individuals with negative attitudes and experience at work would spill over into their leisure

Question 7

Compensation hypothesis

Answer 7

suggests that leisure experience are chosen that satisfy needs not addressed in the work environment

Question 8

Compensation aggressive

Answer 8

choosing risk taking activities to compensate for a dull routine at work

Question 9

Compensation upgrading

Answer 9

choosing activities that allow for creativity or meaning not found at work

Question 10

Compartmentalization (parker)

Answer 10

built on wilenskys theories. added third component, neutrality or compartmentalization where work and leisure remain separate entities and are unrelated to each other

Question 11

Work leisure researches 2 types

Answer 11

• time budget studies

- socioeconomic perspective

Question 12

Time budget studies

Answer 12

understand work leisure based on time devoted to work and leisure

Question 13

Socioeconomic perspective

Answer 13

trade off between having more leisure, fewer work hours, and lower income or having less leisure, longer work hours and more money (fails to recognize other non work obligations like caregiving and domestic responsibilities which are usually done by women)`

Question 14

Since the industrial revolution most paid work has taken place away from..

Answer 14

the home involved different groups or people and has been associated with different behavioural expectations

Question 15

Today there are ..

Answer 15

• advances in technology make work more mobile, offices in other location, home and over seas
• structure of traditional employment has changed as has implication for leisure. growth in casual, part time and self employment

Question 16

Models of employment post war era ..

Answer 16

most works had a traditional employment model: full time year round with regular hours during mon-fri

Question 17

Models of employment today..

Answer 17

• part time
• temporary
• self employment
• multiple jobs

Question 18

Time in employment

Answer 18

max number of working hours a week, busyness has become new badge of honour, longer work hours contributed to higher levels of time pressure. women experience more pressure

Question 19

Timing in employment

Answer 19

in response to changes in the economy many workplaces have expanded hours of operation. non standard work schedules are defined as employment occurring primly during evenings, weekends or all the above.

Question 20

1/3 Canadian population between 18-54 have ..

Answer 20

non standard work schedule and were more likely to be employed in blue collar or sales. additionally 1/3 of those above have children under 16 years of age

Question 21

Women in the workplace

Answer 21

often have second work shift where mothers spend more time than men on household labour and caregiving; employed women have less leisure time per day

Question 22

In Canada, female participation rate in labour market grew from 23% in 1953 to

Answer 22

76% in 1990 than slower growth to 82% in 2014 (men 91%)

Question 23

Dual earner families

Answer 23

more time spent on paid work, household labour and other commitments have little time for leisure.

Question 24

Employed parents of young children report the

Answer 24

highest level of time pressure and lowest level of work life balance

Question 25

Aging workplace in Canadas last census 2016

Answer 25

seniors made up bigger share of population than children

Question 26

By 2031 nearly 1 in 4 Canadians will be..

Answer 26

over the age of 65

Question 27

Transitions in process for aging workplace

Answer 27

• Abolishing mandatory retirement
• Research indicates that older workers will increasingly choose to remain employed
• Intergenerational workplaces
• Blurry boundaries between work and leisure

Question 28

Characteristics of todays employees

Answer 28

• Starting early
• Leaving late
• Taking work home
• Available through email, mobile devices
• What seems like work to one person may be viewed as leisure to another

Question 29

Flex time

Answer 29

employees can begin and end their work day around core work time

Question 30

Compressed work week

Answer 30

total number of weekly work hours are compressed into fewer days so you get day off every week or two

Question 31

Job sharing

Answer 31

2 or more individuals share same job on part time basis

Question 32

Telework

Answer 32

employee works from home or at a telecenter for all or some of their work during the employers business hours