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Business > Topic 10.1 - Managing change > Flashcards

Topic 10.1 - Managing change Flashcards

1
Q

Internal causes for change

A
  • new growth objectives
  • new boss appointed
  • decision to open up export markets
  • increase shareholder dividends
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2
Q

External causes of change

A
  • rising customer demand
  • economic boom benefits
  • closure of competitor
  • new laws
  • social trends
  • economic conditions
  • technological advances
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3
Q

Incremental change

A

Change occurs over a period of time in incremental
Small stages
Little resistance

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4
Q

Step change

A

Significant and occurs rapidly
Dramatic and radical
Strategic drift
Resistance

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5
Q

Disruptive change

A

Step change that arises from changes to the external environment
Impacts market as a whole

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6
Q

Value of change

A
  • sustain competitive advantage
  • changing customer needs and wants
  • take advantage of developing technologies
  • stakeholders gain from improved productivity and work environment
  • change in organisational structure
  • being seen to be leading change rather than following it
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7
Q

Lewins force field analysis

A
  • driving forced and restraining forces
  • equilibrium means no change
  • change to occurs means driving forced must exceed the restraining force
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8
Q

Examples of driving forces

A
  • need for higher profits
  • poor efficiency
  • lack of innovation
  • need to change culture
  • change of leadership
  • customer demand
  • competition
  • legislation and taxes
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9
Q

Resistance to change

A

Self interest
Misunderstanding
Low tolerance of change
Different assessment of the situation

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10
Q

Organic structure

A
  • informal
  • flexible and fluid
  • verbal communication
  • decentralised decision making
  • change easier to handle
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11
Q

Mechanistic structure

A
  • formal
  • bureaucratic
  • formal communication
  • centralised
  • standardised policies and procedures
  • little need to change
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12
Q

Flexible working

A

Employees have options in terms of working time, working location and the pattern of working

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13
Q

Example of flexible working

A
  • part time working
  • term time working
  • working from home
  • flexitime
  • career breaks
  • job sharing
  • annual hour contracts
  • mobile working
  • shift swapping
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14
Q

Benefits of flexible working

A
  • cost
  • higher job satisfaction and morale
  • attract more applicants
  • better customer service
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15
Q

Drawbacks of flexible working

A
  • more complex to manage
  • invest in technology
  • motivate
  • loss of capacity
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16
Q

Restructuring

A

changes to the capital structure of the business

17
Q

Delayering

A

Removing one or more layers of the organisational hierarchy

  • cheaper
  • short chain of command
18
Q

Information management

A

How to best cost effectively collect and sift data a firm needs

19
Q

Knowledge management

A

Useful information that has been interpreted by others to make it even more valuable

20
Q

The value of managing information and knowledge

A
  • improve efficiency

- enhance competitiveness

21
Q

Resistance to change

A
  • self interest
  • different assessment of situation
  • low tolerance for change and inertia
  • misinformation and misunderstanding
22
Q

Self interest

A
  • job security, status and financial position

- own interests ahead of the company

23
Q

Low tolerance and inertia

A
  • things to stay the way they are
  • need security , predictability and stability
  • low tolerance of change
24
Q

Different assessment of the situation

A
  • disagreement about the need to change
  • disagree change or feel they have a better solution
  • disagree what is best for the business
25
Q

Misinformation and misunderstanding

A
  • don’t understand why change is needed
  • no compelling reason for change
  • may think things are better than they actually are
26
Q

Overcoming resistance to change

A
  • education and communication
  • participation and involvement
  • facilitation and support
  • manipulation and co option
  • negotiation and bargaining
  • explicit and implicit coercion
27
Q

Education and communication

A
  • why change is needed
  • help people see logic
  • helps address misconceptions
28
Q

Participation and involvement

A
  • involve people in the change process

- leads to commitment not compliance

29
Q

Facilitation and support

A
  • support to cope with change

- training, counselling and mentoring

30
Q

Manipulation and co option

A

co option - bringing specific individuals into roles that are part of change management
manipulation - selective use of information

31
Q

Negotiation and bargaining

A
  • incentive to change
  • offering financial rewards
  • rewards for leaving
32
Q

Explicit and implicit coercion

A
  • last resort
    explicit - told exactly what implications of resisting change will be
    implicit - suggesting negative consequences of resisting

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