TOPIC 10 - The Global Saviour!1!!1 (Fertilisers)

Question 1

The chemist has the important role in making sure

Answer 1

plants have the correct nutrients to ensure sufficient food production.

Question 2

Key elements which provide nutrients required for plant growth:

Answer 2

nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Question 3

Fertilisers can be produced

Answer 3

naturally or in a lab using neutralisation reactions

Question 4

The Haber process can be

Answer 4

reversed

Question 5

At high temperatures the rates of both the forwards and backwards reactions for the Haber process

Answer 5

are increased; however, the backwards reaction is more dominant.

Question 6

ammonia is the staring material for the commercial production of

Answer 6

nitric acid which is used to produce ammonium nitrate.

Question 7

The Haber process is used to produce

Answer 7

ammonia

Question 8

Using fertilisers may have an impact

Answer 8

environmentally

Question 9

analytical techniques: (5)

Answer 9

Colourimetry, flame tests, pH measurements, titrations, precipitation reactions

Question 10

water becomes polluted by mud containing

Answer 10

metals that are harmful to us

Question 11

the soil in developing countries lacks

Answer 11

the essential nutrients that plants require to grow healthily

Question 12

Nitrogen is essential for (1)

Answer 12

growth

Question 13

Potassium is essential for (2)

Answer 13

respiration and photosynthesis

Question 14

Phosphorus is essential for (2)

Answer 14

respiration and growth

Question 15

effect of being deficient in Nitrogen (2)

Answer 15

poor growth and discoloured leaves

Question 16

effect of being deficient in Potassium (1)

Answer 16

poor fruit/flower growth

Question 17

effect of being deficient in Phosphorus (2)

Answer 17

poor root growth and discoloured leaves

Question 18

what is a fertiliser

Answer 18

a natural or manmade compound which contains one or more of the essential elements potassium, phosphorus or nitrogen

Question 19

KPO4

Answer 19

potassium phosphate

Question 20

NH4Cl

Answer 20

ammonium chloride

Question 21

NH4NO3

Answer 21

ammonium nitrate

Question 22

(NH4)2SO4

Answer 22

ammonium sulphate

Question 23

KNO3

Answer 23

potassium nitrate

Question 24

CO(NH2)2

Answer 24

urea

Question 25

(NH4)3PO4

Answer 25

ammonium phosphate

Question 26

a complete fertiliser contains

Answer 26

potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus

Question 27

formula to find %nitrogen

Answer 27

%nitrogen = (mass of nitrogen/total compound gFm) x 100

Question 28

the Haber process was one of the first ways to make a

Answer 28

synthetic fertiliser

Question 29

ammonia is also called

Answer 29

nitrogen hydride

Question 30

the Haber process is a way of getting a very unreactive nitrogen gas to react with hydrogen gas using

Answer 30

a moderate temperature and an iron catalyst

Question 31

N2(g) + 3H2(g) <=> 2NH3(g)

Answer 31

Haber process

Question 32

NH3(g) + H20(l) => NH4OH(aq)

Answer 32

ammonia dissolving in water

Question 33

nearly all fertilisers are

Answer 33

salts (alkalis) which makes them easily dissolved in water

Question 34

one of the worlds most common fertilisers is ammonium nitrate which is made by

Answer 34

ammonium hydroxide with nitric acid

Question 35

the Ostwald process produces

Answer 35

nitric acid

Question 36

the Ostwald process uses

Answer 36

ammonia, oxygen and water to produce nitric acid

Question 37

NH3 + O2 + H2O => HNO3

Answer 37

the Ostwald process

Question 38

catalyst used in the Haber process

Answer 38

iron

Question 39

catalyst used in the Ostwald process

Answer 39

platinum

Question 40

a precipitation reaction is when

Answer 40

a solid called a precipitate forms

Question 41

if silver is added to sodium chloride solution then insoluble

Answer 41

silver chloride`

Question 42

if lead is added to potassium iodide solution then insoluble

Answer 42

lead iodide

Question 43

if barium is added to sodium sulphate solution then insoluble

Answer 43

barium sulphate

Question 44

some transition metal ions can form compounds called

Answer 44

complexes which have intense colours