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IB 117 > Topic 10: Respiratory System and Phytomedicines > Flashcards

Topic 10: Respiratory System and Phytomedicines Flashcards

1
Q

Plants used for Asthma, cough and upper respiratory disease

A 
Ephedric sinica
atropa belladonna
dioscorea mexicana
ammi visnaga
camellia sinensis
eucalyptus golbulus
coffea arabica
papaver somniferum
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2
Q

Plant derived drugs used for Asthma

A 
albuterol
 ipatropium
glococorticoids
cromolyn
theophylline
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3
Q

Albuterol

A

derived from ephedrine extracted fro Ephedra Sinica

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4
Q

Ipatropium

A

derived from atropine extracted from atropa belladonna

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5
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

derived from disogenin extracted from discorea mexicana from Mexico

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6
Q

Cromolyn

A

derived from visnagan extracted from Ammi visnaga from north africa

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7
Q

Ebers Papyrus

A

written in 1550 BC. Asthma was written about in it. Describes how a mixture of herbs are placed on a hot brick so that asthmatic patients could inhale the vapors

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8
Q

Ephedra sinica

A

Ma Huang
ariel part used
used for: asthma, sinusitis, stimulant
Active molecule: epherine

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9
Q

Ephedrine

A

similar in structure to amphetamine and methamphetamine
active molecule in Ephedra sinica

CNS stimulant
sympathetic stimulation as a direct agonist on sympathetic receptors & enhances release of norepinephrine

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10
Q

psuedoephedrine HCl

A

stereoisomer of ephedrine- can be chemically reduced to methamphetamine

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11
Q

Chemical derivatives of ephedrine

A

phenylpropanolamine- can be chemically reduced to ampthetamine
albuterol, salmeterol

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12
Q

Adrenergic Alpha 1 receptors

A

increase arteriole restriction & intestinal motility
decrease gland secretion

agonists:
ephedrine, psuedoephedrine

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13
Q

Adrenergic Alpha 2 receptors

A

decrease secretion of insulin from beta islet cells in the pancrease
agonist:
ephedrine

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14
Q

adrenergic Beta 1 receptors

A 
increase: 
heart rate
heart contractility
cardiac conduction velocity
renin secretion by kidney which increases blood pressure
agonist:
ephedrine & psuedoephedrine
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15
Q

Adrenergic Beta 2 receptors

A 
increase tracheal and bronchiole relaxation & dilation
albuterol only enhances Beta 2
agonist:
ephedrine
albuterol
salmeterol
psuedoephedrine
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16
Q

Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Receptor Agonists

A

Ephedrine & puesdoephedrine isolated from Ephedra Sinica

17
Q

Albuterol & Salmeterol

A

Ephedrine Derivatives
Used for Asthma treatment
Selective beta 2 receptor agonist (does not increase heart rate)
Therapeutic Uses:
bronchodilator to treat asthma with a rapid onset of action

18
Q

Psuedoephedrine

A

used for allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis & as a decongestant

  • apha 1, beta 1 & 2 agonist.
  • can cause an increase in heart rate
19
Q

Atropa Belladonna

A

Common Name: belladonna
Active Compound: atropine
Chemical derivative: ipatropium bromide- used as a bronchodilator to treat asthma

20
Q

Atropa Belladonna Mechanism of action

A

ipatropium bromide & atropine: cholinergic blockers which result in brochodilation

21
Q

Disogenin (dioscorea mexicana)

A 
Common Name: wild yam
Geography: Mexico
Habit: Herbaceous climber
Plant part: rhizomes
Ethnomedical Uses: anti inflammatory, fish poisons
22
Q

Chemical Derivatives of Disogenin

A

Chemical class: steroid
disogenin–> progesterone –> synthesis of:
-corticosteroids/glucocorticoids

23
Q

Ammi visnaga

A 
Common Name: visnaga
Geography: Mediterranean
Ehtnomedical Uses: agina, asthma 
Active Compounds: fruit extract, khellin, visnagin 
Chemical derivative: cromolyn Na
24
Q

Ammi Visnaga Mechanism of Action

A

cromolyn sodium & khellin: inhibition of pulmonary mast cell degranulation reduces release of histamine which reduces bronchial inflammation, nasal mucosal inflammation, and conjuctival inflammation

25
Q

Camellia Sinensis (tea)

A

Common Name: Tea
Geographical Region: China
Active Compounds: caffeine, theophylline, therobromine
Chemical Class: methylated xanthines

26
Q

Camellia sinensis Mechanism of Action

A

Theophylline: relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

Not often used today because if has side effects (increased heart rate)

27
Q

Theophylline Therapeutic Uses:

A
  • asthma as a bronchodilator
  • cardiac stimulant
  • angina pectoris
  • diuretic
  • peripheral vascular disease
  • CNS stimulant
28
Q

Eucalyptus Globulus

A

Australia
Ethnomedical Uses: topically as an inhalant for upper respiratory disease and asthma
phytomedicines: oil, cineole (eucalypol)
-bronchodilator

29
Q

Origanum Vulgare

A

Common Name: oregano
Ethnomedical therapeutic uses of leaf tea:
-upper respiratory infection
-rhinitis

30
Q

Coffea arabica

A 
Common Name: Coffee
Active Compound: Caffeine
Mech of Action: probably in CNS
Therapeutic Uses:
-apnea in premature infants
-respiratory & circulatory stimulant
31
Q

Caffeine Therapeutic Uses

A
  • apnea in premature infants
  • respiratory stimulant
  • diuretic
  • circulatory stimulant
  • CNS stimulant
  • migraine headache
32
Q

Caffeine Sources

A 
Coffea arabica- coffee
Camellia sinensis- tea
Theobroma Cacao- chocolate
Cola acuminata- cola nut
paullinia cupana- guarna
33
Q

Papaver Somniferum

A

S. Europe
Ethnomedical Uses of opium (fruit resin): couch, analgesic, inebriant, hypnotic, and to treat diarrhea

Active Compound: codeine, antitussive, codeine phosphate

Therapeutic Uses: codeine- antitussive, analgesic
noscapine- anti tussive

34
Q

Synthetic Antitussive

A

dextromethorphan is an over the counter anti tussive which is a synthetic opioid which was developed by synthetic chemists based on clues from looking at structure of plant-derived opiate molecules

35
Q

Honey & Coughs

A
  • Dark honey is the best e.g. buckwheat honey

- honey soothes irritated membranes as well as antioxidant and antiviral properties

IB 117 (9 decks)

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