Topic 10: Amino Acid Catabolism Flashcards
What are the branched chain amino acids (BCAAs)?
Leucine (L), Isoleucine (I), Valine (V)
They are also hydrophobic with alliphatic side chains
What are the hydrophobic alliphatic side chain AAs?
Ala, Pro, Leu, Ile, Val, Met, Cys
APVLIMC
What are the hydrophobic aromatic side chain AAs?
Phe, Tyr, Trp
FYW
What are the hydrophilic uncharged side chain AAs?
They have OXYGEN (O or OH) in their side chains.
Ser, Thr, Asn, Gln
STNQ
What are the hydrophilic charged, BASIC side chain AAs?
Basic have long side chains with NITROGEN, normally have an accepted extra H+
His, Arg, Lys
HRK
What are the hydrophilic charged, ACIDIC side chain AAs?
Acidic have short side chains with a CARBOXY (COO-), normally missing an H+
Glu, Asp
DE
What is the simplest, uncharged, neither hydrophobic nor hydrophilic AA?
Gly
G
What other molecule is alanine very similar to?
PYRUVATE - pyruvate is alanine with an amino group
What are the two SULFUR containing AAs?
Cysteine and Methionine
So if you SEE SULFUR it is Cys or Met!!!
How could you recognize the aromatic AAs?
Phe is alanine with a phenyl group (aromatic ring)
Tyr is Phe with an added OH
Trp is the other one… has DOUBLE RING STRUCTURE
What AAs are in over-represented in muscle?
BCAAs – when muscle begins to break down in the body you will see elevated levels of these AAs
Where does primary AA digestion take place?
Small intestine: duodenum and jejunum
What type of enzymes are trypsin and chymotrypsin? (endo or exo)
ENDONUCLEASES
How are AAs absorbed into the enterocytes?
Na+ symport. They rely heavily on the sodium gradient. Even in times of low [AA] the high Na+ gradient will drive absorption from the lumen.
How does the Na+/K+ pump work?
3 Na+ OUT
2 K+ IN
uses ATP
How are AAs stored?
THEY ARE NOT STORED. If AAs are not needed they are broken down. Protein and Peptides are not storage molecules for AAs.
How is glutamate converted into its ketoacid? This reaction is reversible, what happens in reverse?
Glu via Glutamate-DH has amino group removed and water added to become alpha-KG
NADH is generated, H2O used, amino group generated
Reverse:
NADPH is used and NADP+ is generated, H2O generated, amino group put back on