CC: Urolithiasis in Dogs Flashcards
What is wrong with Domino?
He has a huge rock in his cock.
What drug did the doctors use to treat his E. Coli infection that we have discussed?
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole combination for treatment of urinary tract infection
How did they treat the blockage in the urethra?
Retrograde urohydropropulsion
What kind of stones did he have?
Ammonium Acid Urate
How did they treat Domino after discovering the stones were Ammonium Acid Urate?
Allopurinol - inhibit Xanthine Oxidase to prevent Uric Acid formation
U/D diet - low purine diet to prevent excessive Uric Acid formation (all purines are metabolized to uric acid)
What is wrong with Dalmatians?
SLC2A9 gene autosomal recessive mutation
All dalmatians are homozygous.
Dalmatians have hyperuricaria.
Dalmatians are predisposed to urate uroliths due to supersaturation of urine
What was wrong with Molly, the schnauzer?
Pollakiuria
She also had Ammonium Acid Urate Stones
Anemic, low BUN, high Pre- and Post-prandial Bile Acids –> PSS!!!
She can’t properly metabolize Uric Acid nor NH3
How can one get Uric Acid stones?
Either High Uric Acid
OR
High Ammonia
OR
BOTH!!How do PSS cause Urate Stones?
Bypassing hepatocytes:
decreased conversion of ammonia to Urea
decreased conversion of uric acid to Allantoin
results in excess secretion of each
Acidic urine:
decreases uric acid Solubility
donates proton to ammonia
PSS
What are treatments for PSS?
Low purine diet/alkalinizing diet
Allopurinol
Alkalinize urine if pH is low
What are two common causes of Urate Stones?
PSS
Genetic metabolic defect–> Dalmatians SLC2A9 Gene
Can urate stones be deadly?
YES!!! Blocking the urinary system can cause backup and eventual renal failure –> Death!
