CC: Ketosis Flashcards
What is spontaneous ketoacidosis?
A state of elevated ketones in the body.
How did they treat Bessie?
500 CC of 50% Dextrose (250 g was about 1/40th of her daily caloric requirement)
Goal: Stimulate Insulin release, decrease lipid mobilization
16 ounces of propylene glycol
Goal: Converted in the liver to glucose
Dexamethasone or Isoflupredone
Goal: Increase gluconeogenesis from AA
Rumen drench with 1lb of AAs in 5 gallons of H2O
Goal: invigorate rumen microbes to produce VFAs and provide essential nutrients
How come Bessie was ketotic?
She was 30 days fresh - normally cows are in “negative energy balance” after freshening where they cannot consume enough calories to meet body requirements while they make so much milk. She became ketotic because she did not have enough bodily reserves to maintain gluconeogenic capabilities
What are some clinical presentations of ketosis?
Starvation
Spontaneous Ketosis and Secondary Ketosis in cows
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Type 1 Diabetes
Alcoholics
Diet Induced: Atkins, High butyrate silage
Describe clinical presentation of secondary ketosis.
Cow had primary: Metritis, Mastitis, Displaced Abomasum, Went off feed, now ketotic
Sheep pregnancy toxemia
Hepatic Lipidosis in Cats and Cows
Describe clinical presentation of Ketoacidosis in monogastrics.
Many unregulated diabetics may have elevated ketones.
A small subset can present with ketoacidosis:
Severe uncompensated condition
Prognosis is Poor
Requires immediate attention and intense therapy (must reduce the ACID/increase pH)
Describe clinical presentation of diet induced ketosis.
Rumen microbes produce VFAs:
Butyrate converted to Beta-OH-butyrate
Butyrate can also be in ensiled feeds
Ketogenic diets:
Atkins Diet – low carb/high fat
Create relative hypoglycemia –> glucagon release –> fat utilization –> ketones!!
What are the strictly ketogenic AAs?
Lysine and Leucine
What AAs can make Acetyl CoA?
Isoleucin, Leucine, and Tryptophan
What AAs can make Acetoacetyl CoA?
Leu, Lys, Phe, Trp, Tyr
