CC: Starvation Scenarios - Early, Middle, Late

Question 1

Describe the fed state.

Answer 1

Glucoes-rich condition

Insulin release - glycolysis, glycogen synthesis. lipogenesis, LPL upregulated, and lipolysis inhibited

Excess carbs stimulate non-essential AA synthesis

Excess AAs stimulate gluconeogenesis

Question 2

Describe the post-absorptive state.

Answer 2

Roughly 3 hours after a meal – glycogen utilized for fuel.

Insulin down

Glucagon goes UP - glycogen breakdown increases

Not yet relying upon fat for energy.

Question 3

Describe the early starvation. (overnight fast)

Answer 3

Glycogen pretty much used up.

Insulin way down

Glucagon way UP - HSL stimulated, fats released, some protein breakdown for gluconeogenesis

Question 4

Describe “middle” starvation.

Answer 4

Glucose Sparing! –> Ketones and FFAs tend to be primary source of fuel

Brain adaptation to ketones for fuel source.

Ketones stimulate insulin release - slows proteolysis, slows fat release

Ketones also tend to inhibit HSL on their own accord.

Question 5

Describe “late” starvation.

Answer 5

Fats have run out and Proteins become main source of fuel.

Muscle is the first to go, CT breaks down (thin skin, weak collagen), digestive enzymes become deficient, plasma proteins down

Albumin deficiency –» EDEMA and ASCITES

Question 6

What is Kwashiorkor?

Answer 6

Protein Malnutrition!!! EDEMA and ASCITES

Lack of essential amino acids from high quality proteins