CC: B Vitamins Flashcards
What is Vitamin B1?
Thiamine
What enzymes absolutely require Thiamine/B1?
PDH (pyruvate to A-CoA)
alpha-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase (Step 4 TCA Cycle a-KG to Succinyl-CoA)
Transketolase (used TWICE in HMPS/Pentose Pathway/Phosphoglucanate)
What results from Thiamine/B1 deficiency?
BeriBeri Dry (CNS encephalopathy + psychosis) BeriBeri Wet (Cardiovascular)
Cats, Ruminants, Horses DRY BeriBeri
Pigs WET BeriBeri
Why do Cats have a particular predisposition towards Thiamine/B1 deficiency?
Raw/undercooked fish contain high enough levels of THIAMINASE to affect the kitties
What was discussed as a reason for Ruminants to have a thiamine deficiency?
Certain plants found country-wide contain THIAMINASE.
Bracken Fern and Horsetails in particular.
What do you see in Horses with Thiamine/B1 deficiency?
CNS signs. Anorexia, weight loss, incoordination, hind limb abduction (due to lack of ATP for nerves).
Can die within 2-10 days.
What is Vitamin B2?
Riboflavin
What is Riboflavin/B2 utilized in the body for?
FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide)
Does Riboflavin/B2 have any identifying characteristics?
YES. Its ORANGE-YELLOW color.
How would an animal with a Riboflavin/B2 deficiency present as?
Poor growth, failure to thrive, weakness, ataxia, dermatitis, alopecia
Skin problems, and issues with energy.
What is Vitamin B3?
Niacin
What is Niacin/B3 utilized in the body for?
NAD(H) and NADP(H)
What happens to the body in a Niacin/B3 deficiency?
Pellegra 4D’s:
Dermatitis (skin), Diarrhea (GI), Dementia (CNS), Death
Canine BLACK TONGUE –related to Skin issues
What is Vitamin B4?
DOESN’T EXIST SUCKA!!
What is Vitamin B5?
Pantothenic Acid
What is Pantothenic Acid/B5 utilized in the body for?
Acetyl Coenzyme A
What is Vitamin B6?
Pyroxidine
What is Pyroxidine/B6 utilized in the body for?
Neurotransmitters, AA transferases (gluconeogenesis), and glycogen phosphorylase
What is Vitamin B7?
Biotin
What is Biotin/B7 utilized in the body as?
Pyruvate Carboxylase – the first enzyme in the gluconeogenic pathway
These are essential for Gluconeogenesis
Where does Biotin/B7 come from?
pretty much everywhere
What happens in times of Biotin/B7 deficiency?
Deficiencies are Rare due to it’s widespread nature, but:
Decreased appetite & growth, Dermatitis, Alopecia, weak nails, achromatrichia (different colored hoof), Hepatic stenosis, Ketoacidosis, Hyperammonemia, Coma, Death
Since Biotin/B7 is so widespread, how could we see a deficiency?
Egg Whites contain AVIDIN. Avidin binds Biotin avidly.
So beware a diet with high levels of RAW Egg Whites.
What would be the effect of a high Carb diet on an Thiamine/B1 deficient canine patient?
LACTIC ACIDOSIS
Thiamine is essential for the action of PDH and Alpha-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase SO the TCA Cycle would be screwed, along with the ETC.
Pyruvate would backup and the body, in an attempt to extract energy and regenerate NAD+ (to be able to continue glycolysis), would convert Pyruvate to Lactate (lactic acid) ==> LACTIC ACIDOSIS
