topic 1-3 recap Flashcards
How do cell membranes create a compartment that separates the intracellular and intercellular spaces?
They form a flexible, penetrable barrier that small, uncharged molecules can cross, but large and charged molecules cannot.
What statement best describes “fitness” in evolutionary biology?
The number of offspring produced
The Human Genome Project revealed that our cells have approximately how many protein-coding genes?
20,000
Many cells die in our bodies every day by the mechanism of programmed cell death, which is known as
Apoptosis
For a 70 kg male, approximately how much does water contribute to the total body weight?
45 kg
Which of the following is true about the movement of molecules such as glucose and amino acids
They pass across the cell membrane via facilitated diffusion
The concentration of sodium ions is lower inside the cell than the concentration in the extracellular solution. This occurs due to
active transport
If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would not be able to
synthesise proteins
The main function of mitochondria is
cellular respiration (ATP synthesis)
The cellular organelle responsible for the degradation of proteins is
lysosomes
Individual human cells, such as heart muscle cells and neurons, can survive on their own in laboratory conditions for some time. Which of the following processes helps these cells to survive under these conditions?
Maintenance of a constant internal environment by the cellular machinery
Which organelle is described as “where proteins are processed and sorted ready for trafficking”?
Golgi Complex
