Tooth Stains + Plaque index Flashcards
- Can adhere directly to the tooth surface
- Can be contained within plaque and calculus
- Can be incorporated into tooth structures
Tooth stains
_____ stains:
Surface stain
Can get off
Extrinsic stains
_____ stains
Stain occurring within tooth
Can’t get off have to restore to get
INtrinsic
\_\_\_ sources of stains: caused by factors external to the tooth (extrinsic OR intrinsic stains)
Exogenous:
_____ source of stains
: caused
by factors within the
tooth (always intrinsic)
Endogenous
Do tooth stains cause disease?
Nope
\_\_\_\_ stains: • Common in all ages • Associated with plaque accumulation • Typically related to poor oral hygiene • Source is typically food pigments
Yellow Stains
____ stains:
• Light to dark in color
• Found within plaque
• Typically noted on facial cervical third of maxillary anteriors
• Sometimes covered by materia alba or grayish debris
• Dark green stain may become incorporated into tooth structure
• Caused by chromo-genic bacteria (color-producing bacteria), tobacco use, dark food/drinks (blueberries, red wine, coffee) and poor oral hygiene
Green Stains
\_\_\_\_\_ stains: Found along cervical third near gingival margin Fine line that can be continuous or interrupted Can appear black at pits/fissures Attached via pellicle structure Made up of microorganisms (gram + rods) Common in women and children Reforms after removal
Black line stains
\_\_\_\_ stains: • Light brown to dark black in color • Diffuse staining of plaque; sometimes incorporated into calculus • Heavier deposits (especially chewing tobacco) can become intrinsic staining • Frequently noticed on lingual aspects of teeth • Composed of tar products
Tobacco stains
The following cause ___ stains
• Stannous fluoride
• Anti-plaque agents
• Betel leaf
Brown stains
___ or ___ stain:
• Often appears at cervical third portion of tooth/anterior region
• Rare occurrence
• Etiology: chromogenic bacteria
Orange or Red stain
The following are \_\_\_ stains Drug-induced (tetracycline) Tooth-trauma stain (necrotic pulp/pulpless tooth) Restorative materials Tooth development (fluorosis, hypoplasia, genetics)
Intrinsic stains
• Removes extrinsic stain and plaque • Smooth out the tooth surface • Improves esthetic appearance • Aids in prepping the tooth prior to bonding
Polishing
- Removes fluoride-rich enamel layer
* Abrades dentin/cementum
Polishing
\_\_\_\_\_ Aerosol production Bacteremia Produces heat Tooth surface abrasion Tissue trauma
Polishing
\_\_\_\_\_\_ of polishing: No extrinsic stain Hypersensitivity Decalcified/carious lesion Cementum/dentin exposure Fixed crowns (zirconia, gold, etc. require a specialty paste) Newly erupted teeth Gingival or periodontal inflammation (do not polish after scaling/root planing!)
Contraindications of Polishing
What are the 3 extraoral polishing agents?
Pumice
Rouge
Emery
What are the 3 intraoral polishing agents?
Pumice
Silicon dioxide
Tin oxide
What you need for \_\_\_\_\_ • Slow speed handpiece WITH torque converter • Disposable prophy angle • Prophy paste • Saliva ejector • Air/water syringe • 2x2 gauze
Polishing
Should you floss teeth after polishing?
Yes
Pros • Quick removal of plaque and stain only (replaces polishing) • Less fatigue for operator • Patient comfort Cons • Aerosol production • Limited visibility • Taste • Maintenance of unit • Detrimental effects
Air powder polishing
Contraindications for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_: • Exposed cementum/dentin • Patient with respiratory issues/disease • Composite/gold restorations • Sodium restricted diet • Possibly communicable disease?
Air powder polishing
Used to remove biofilm (not stain) from subgingival root surfaces
Used to clean implants/ underneath fixed implant overdentures
Uses glycine-based powder
Flexible plastic tip for access
Sub G air polishing
