Tooth Stains + Plaque index Flashcards
- Can adhere directly to the tooth surface
- Can be contained within plaque and calculus
- Can be incorporated into tooth structures
Tooth stains
_____ stains:
Surface stain
Can get off
Extrinsic stains
_____ stains
Stain occurring within tooth
Can’t get off have to restore to get
INtrinsic
\_\_\_ sources of stains: caused by factors external to the tooth (extrinsic OR intrinsic stains)
Exogenous:
_____ source of stains
: caused
by factors within the
tooth (always intrinsic)
Endogenous
Do tooth stains cause disease?
Nope
\_\_\_\_ stains: • Common in all ages • Associated with plaque accumulation • Typically related to poor oral hygiene • Source is typically food pigments
Yellow Stains
____ stains:
• Light to dark in color
• Found within plaque
• Typically noted on facial cervical third of maxillary anteriors
• Sometimes covered by materia alba or grayish debris
• Dark green stain may become incorporated into tooth structure
• Caused by chromo-genic bacteria (color-producing bacteria), tobacco use, dark food/drinks (blueberries, red wine, coffee) and poor oral hygiene
Green Stains
\_\_\_\_\_ stains: Found along cervical third near gingival margin Fine line that can be continuous or interrupted Can appear black at pits/fissures Attached via pellicle structure Made up of microorganisms (gram + rods) Common in women and children Reforms after removal
Black line stains
\_\_\_\_ stains: • Light brown to dark black in color • Diffuse staining of plaque; sometimes incorporated into calculus • Heavier deposits (especially chewing tobacco) can become intrinsic staining • Frequently noticed on lingual aspects of teeth • Composed of tar products
Tobacco stains
The following cause ___ stains
• Stannous fluoride
• Anti-plaque agents
• Betel leaf
Brown stains
___ or ___ stain:
• Often appears at cervical third portion of tooth/anterior region
• Rare occurrence
• Etiology: chromogenic bacteria
Orange or Red stain
The following are \_\_\_ stains Drug-induced (tetracycline) Tooth-trauma stain (necrotic pulp/pulpless tooth) Restorative materials Tooth development (fluorosis, hypoplasia, genetics)
Intrinsic stains
• Removes extrinsic stain and plaque • Smooth out the tooth surface • Improves esthetic appearance • Aids in prepping the tooth prior to bonding
Polishing
- Removes fluoride-rich enamel layer
* Abrades dentin/cementum
Polishing
\_\_\_\_\_ Aerosol production Bacteremia Produces heat Tooth surface abrasion Tissue trauma
Polishing
\_\_\_\_\_\_ of polishing: No extrinsic stain Hypersensitivity Decalcified/carious lesion Cementum/dentin exposure Fixed crowns (zirconia, gold, etc. require a specialty paste) Newly erupted teeth Gingival or periodontal inflammation (do not polish after scaling/root planing!)
Contraindications of Polishing
What are the 3 extraoral polishing agents?
Pumice
Rouge
Emery
What are the 3 intraoral polishing agents?
Pumice
Silicon dioxide
Tin oxide
What you need for \_\_\_\_\_ • Slow speed handpiece WITH torque converter • Disposable prophy angle • Prophy paste • Saliva ejector • Air/water syringe • 2x2 gauze
Polishing
Should you floss teeth after polishing?
Yes
Pros • Quick removal of plaque and stain only (replaces polishing) • Less fatigue for operator • Patient comfort Cons • Aerosol production • Limited visibility • Taste • Maintenance of unit • Detrimental effects
Air powder polishing
Contraindications for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_: • Exposed cementum/dentin • Patient with respiratory issues/disease • Composite/gold restorations • Sodium restricted diet • Possibly communicable disease?
Air powder polishing
Used to remove biofilm (not stain) from subgingival root surfaces
Used to clean implants/ underneath fixed implant overdentures
Uses glycine-based powder
Flexible plastic tip for access
Sub G air polishing
Standardized way of interpreting clinical
observations of plaque present on teeth
putting patients at risk for oral health
diseases such as caries and periodontitis
•Numerical value (%) given for observing
an individual’s ability to practice good
oral hygiene care at home and used for
patient understanding
•Other dental indices: bleeding, caries,
recession, gingival inflammation,
furcation involvement, etc.
Plaque index
____ is used to help show patients the amount of plaque on their teeth
Disclosing agent
•Products used to help dental clinicians identify
plaque on dentition
•Great methods for patient education, especially
when discussing caries and periodontal disease
•Helps patient comprehend oral hygiene
instructions and visually see plaque being
removed by toothbrushing and flossing
methods
Disclosing agents
When using \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, be aware that the red dye can easily stain clothing and surfaces •Ask the patient if there is any allergy to red dye, considering it is a main ingredient in the solution
liquid disclosing
agent
What is the ideal plaque score?
Less than 20 %
