Dentifrices and Hypersensitivity Flashcards
What is the active ingredient in most toothpastes?
Fluoride (MPF)
The following are \_\_\_\_\_\_ Silicas Carbonates Phosphates - used to remove surface stains
Abrasive agents
The following are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_: Aluminum Calcium Tin - used to make tooth more slick
Polishing agents
\_\_\_\_\_\_ depends on ▪Hardness ▪Size ▪Shape ▪Brushing Technique ▪Pressure of Brush ▪Hardness of bristles ▪Direction of brushing stroke ▪Number of strokes
Abrasiveness
Sorbitol Manitol Glycerin Propylene Glycol Maintain moisture Prevent evaporation Prevent hardening Increase shelf life
Humectants
What is the abrasive/polishing agent used with MPF in toothpastes?
Calcium carbonate
Natural Gums Synthetic Cellulose Seaweed Extracts Thickening Agent Stabilizes Prevents solids from settling out
Binders
\_\_\_\_\_\_ needs to be: ▪Pleasant ▪Immediate ▪Long lasting Synthetic: Spearmint Cinnamon Wintermint Peppermint Vanilla Citrus Essential Oils: Thymol Menthol Eucalyptol Methyl Salicylate
Flavoring agents
*Saccharin
*Cyclamate
Sorbitol
Mannitol
Glycerin
*Xylitol
** - Agents that serve as
humectants
-Used to counteract bitterness of
Sweeteners
▪ Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) ▪ Stable/compatible ▪ Some antibacterial properties ▪ Flavor easy to mask ▪ Low surface tension Soaps ▪ Used in Early Toothpaste ▪ Disadvantages ▪ Irritating ▪ Flavor is difficult to mask ▪ Incompatible
Surfactant (Forming agent)
*All ADA Accepted toothpastes contain ________
Fluoride
No ADA Accepted toothpaste contains ______
sugar
What are the 3 types of fluoride used in anti-caries toothpaste?
NaF Sodium Fluoride
MFP
SnF2
Most OTC toothpastes are _____ ppm
1,000 ppm
Reported activity against: - Caries - Plaque - Gingivitis Research indicates superior efficacy: - Antimicrobial - Plaque** - Gingivitis/gingival bleeding - Calculus control
Stannous Fluoride
What is the most common ingredient in anti-hypersensitivity toothpaste?
Potassium Nitrate
What are the 2 *ANTI-HYPERSENSITIVITY toothpaste inredients?
Potassium nitrate
Stannous Fluoride
What are the 2 ingrediens for anti-gingivitis toothpastes?
Stannous Fluoride
Triclosan
- Contain:
- Sodium bicarbonate
- Silicate
- Fluoride
baking soda toothpastes
▪Tartar control toothpaste
▪Crystalline growth inhibitors interrupt
process of mineralization
▪Soluble pyrophosphates
▪Tartar control toothpaste
Do baking soda toothpastes more effective than regular toothpastes?
No
What are added to tartar control toothpastes?
Soluble pyrophosphates
Whitening toothpastes control stains via ______ methods:
• Abrasives
• Physical Methods
Whitening toothpastes control stains via ______ methods:
• Surface active agents or
bleaching/oxidizing
agents
• Chemical Mechanisms
The following are used in _____ toothpastes
- Hydrated silica
- Titanium dioxide
- Hydrogen Peroxide
- Carbamide Peroxide
Whitening toothpastes
Short sharp pain when stimulus reaches exposed dentin
Dentinal hypersensitivity
What are the 4 modes of dentinal hypersensitivity?
thermal
tactile
Chemical
Evaporative
Run from pulp to the outer dentinal surface
Can either be open or plugged
Number of tubules varies
Contain Tomes fibers
Extend into the dentinal tubules from the odontoblasts that
communicate with the pulp
Dentinal tubules
_______ Dentin
•Tubules open to cavity
•Large number of tubules
Hypersensitive Dentin
•Deposit of Salivary Proteins
•Debris from toothpaste and other
matter
Smear Layer
Stimuli are transmitted to the pulp surface due to
the movement of fluid or semi-fluid within open
dentinal tubules
Brannstroms hydrodynamic theory
What are the 2 mains ways dentinal hypersensitivty occurs?
Enamel loss
Gingival recession
What are the 4 forms of enamel loss leading to dentinal tubules?
Abrasion
Bruxism
Abfraction
Erosion
What is the most common cause of enamel loss?
erosion
Are males or females more prone to have hypersensitivity?
Females
What age group is most prone to have hypersensitivity?
20-40 yrs old
What percentage of the population have hypersensitivity?
57%
How long does sensitivity take to work?
2 weeks
Significantly reduce hypersensitivity immediately
after treatment
Reduces dentin permeability
Glutaraldehyde/HEMA based agents - GLUMMA
Forms a barrier over exposed dentin
Relief provided by calcium fluoride deposits
5% Sodium Fluoride Varnish
Casein phosphopeptide – amorphous calcium phosphate Mechanism of action: - replaces calcium and phosphate ions Use: - apply with a prophy cup - at home use -applied after brushing teeth*
MI Paste
Recaldent (CPP-ACP)
At home treatment for hypersensitivity:
Dentifrices containing 5% potassium nitrate
Works by penetrating the length of the tubule and preventing repolarization
Frequent and regular application is needed
Interference with neural transmission
At home treatment for hypersensitivity:
Main active ingredient is fluoride
*Stannous Fluoride – most commonly used
*Arginine and calcium carbonate
Prescription Strength Fluoride Toothpaste
5,000 ppm (1.1% Sodium Fluoride) – Colgate PreviDent®
Tubule Occlusion
