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Expanded Functions Dental Assisting (EFDA)- Pennsylvania > **Tooth Morphology/Anatomy > Flashcards

**Tooth Morphology/Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Define morphology

A

the branch of biology that deals with the form and structure of organisms

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2
Q

Define dentition

A

the makeup of a set of teeth; their type, number, and position

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3
Q

Define periodontium

A

the structures that surround and support the teeth

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4
Q

Is the alveolar process considered part of the dentition or the periodontium?

A

periodontium

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5
Q

What does PDL stand for?

A

periodontal ligament

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6
Q

Define deciduous dentition

A

the primary dentition (“baby teeth”)

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7
Q

Define succedaneous dentition

A

the permanent dentition

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8
Q

Define nonsuccedaneous dentition

A

Permanent teeth that are not preceded by a primary tooth

This includes molars

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9
Q

What permanent teeth are considered “non-succedaneous”

A

molars

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10
Q

What is the term for the the type of dentition where both permanent and primary teeth are present?

A

mixed dentition

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11
Q

How many sextants are in the adult dentition?

A

six

They are: maxillary right posterior, maxillary left posterior, maxillary anterior, mandibular right posterior, mandibular left posterior, and mandibular anterior

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12
Q

What is the socket within the jawbone in which the root(s) of a tooth are set?

A

alveolus or lamina dura

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13
Q

What is the highest point of alveolar bone between the adjacent teeth?

A

the alveloar crest

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14
Q

Does the periodontal ligament allow for slight movement of the tooth?

A

Yes

The periodontal ligament serves as a cusion between the tooth and the bone when pressure is exerted or when biting, and therefore must allow for some movement.

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15
Q

What is the fibrous connective tissue that makes up the space between the cementum and the alveolus?

A

periodontal ligament (PDL)

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16
Q

Which of the following describes how healthy attached gingiva appears:
a) thick, stippled
b) smooth, red, shiny
c) enlarged, red, swollen
d) flat, pointed between the teeth

A

a) thick, stippled

Unhealthy attached gingiva will appear smooth, red, and shiny

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17
Q

Which of the following describes how healthy free gingiva appears:
a) thick, stippled
b) smooth, red, shiny
c) enlarged, red, swollen
d) flat, pointed between the teeth

A

d) flat, pointed between the teeth

Unhealthy free gingiva will appear enlarged, red, and swollen

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18
Q

Describe the difference between the anatomical crown and the clinical crown?

A

The anatomical crown is the part of the tooth covered by enamel, and the clinical crown is the part of the tooth that is showing in the oral cavity

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19
Q

What would be a potential cause for seeing the clinical root in the oral cavity?

A

recession or bone loss

The clinical root is the part of the root surface that is showing in the oral cavity

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20
Q

Describe the difference between the clinical root and the anatomical root?

A

The clinical root is the part of the root that is showing in the oral cavity, and the anatomical root is the part of the rooth that is covered in cementum

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21
Q

Name the four parts of a tooth

A

Enamel, dentin, cementum, pulp

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22
Q

What is the name of the hard tissue that covers the anatomical crown?

A

enamel

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23
Q

What is the hardest tissue in the human body?

A

enamel

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24
Q

True or False:
Enamel is thinner at the incisal/occlusal area of a tooth, and becomes thicker as it progresses toward the root

A

False

Enamel is thicker at the incisal/occlusal area of a tooth, and becomes thinner as it progresses toward the root

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25
Q

What is the hard tissue that makes up the majority of a tooth?

A

dentin

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26
Q

What part of the tooth provides support for the enamel, and provides insulation to the pulp?

A

dentin

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27
Q

True or False: The bulk of the tooth is the enamel.

A

False

The bulk of the tooth is dentin.

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28
Q

What is the second hardest tissue in the human body?

A

dentin

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29
Q

Name the three types of dentin

A

1) Primary dentin
2) Secondary dentin
3) Tertiary/reparative dentin

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30
Q

What type of dentin forms before the tooth erupts?
a) primary dentin
b) secondary dentin
c) tertiary dentin
d) reparative dentin

A

a) primary dentin

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31
Q

True or False: Reparative dentin is also known as tertiary dentin.

A

True

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32
Q

True or False: Certain restorative materials can be designed to encourage the formation of reparative dentin

A

True

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33
Q

Name the type of dentin that forms as a result of stimuli like trauma or deep caries

A

tertiary/reparative dentin

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34
Q

What part of the tooth has the highest fluoride content?

A

Cementum

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35
Q

When looking at a moderate depth cavity preparation, what is an identifying way to tell the difference between enamel and dentin tooth structure?

A

The dentin will be darker in color than the enamel.

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36
Q

What is the hard tissue that covers the anatomical root of a tooth?

A

cementum

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37
Q

Name the two types of cementum

A

1) acellular cementum
2) cellular cementum

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38
Q

Which type of cementum forms at the apex of a tooth as in a response to the loss of enamel?
a) primary cementum
b) acellular cementum
c) vital cementum
d) cellular cementum

A

d) cellular cementum

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39
Q

What provides the vitality and nutrition to the tooth?

A

pulp

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40
Q

What part of the pulp is located in the coronal portion of the tooth?

A

Pulp horns and pulp chamber

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41
Q

Define convex

A

a surface that curves outward

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42
Q

True or False: An example of a convex anatomical landmark would be a ridge

A

True

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43
Q

Define this anatomical landmark: a major developmental convexity on or near the occlusal surface of a posterior tooth or the the incisal edge of a canine

A

cusp

44
Q

What is the possible fifth cusp on the lingual surface of the mesiolingual cusp on maxillary first molars?

A

cusp of Carabelli

45
Q

On what tooth would you find the cusp of Carabelli?

A

Maxillary first molars

The cusp of Carabelli is the possible fifth cusp on the lingual surface of the mesiolingual cusp on maxillary first molars.

46
Q

Define mamelon

A

a raised area on the incisal edges of newly erupted teeth

47
Q

What is a raised lobe of enamel on the lingual surface found on anterior teeth?

A

cingulum

48
Q

Name the three major ridges on posterior teeth

A

1) triangular ridge
2) transverse ridge
3) oblique ridge

They are further identified according to their location on the tooth surface and direction in which they transverse the occlusal surface.

49
Q

What is the rounded border of enamel that forms on the mesial and distal boundaries of the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth and the lingual surfaces of anterior teeth?

A

marginal ridge

50
Q

Define this anatomical term: ridge

A

any narrow, linear, elevation on the surface of a tooth

51
Q

Define concave

A

a surface that curves inward

52
Q

What are the irregular concavities on the surface of a tooth?

A

fossa

53
Q

Define this anatomical landmark: pit

A

small pinpoint depressions located at the junction of developmental grooves or at the termination of those grooves

54
Q

What forms as a result of faulty or the incomplete formation of developmental grooves?

A

a pit

55
Q

What is the name of a groove that is less distinct?

A

supplemental grooves

56
Q

On posterior teeth, what is the anatomical concavity that separates the cusps of a tooth?

A

developmental groove

57
Q

Which of the following provides an escape for food from the occlusal surface during the mastication process?
a) marginal ridge
b) fossa
c) spillway
d) mamelon

A

c) spillway

58
Q

Define this anatomical term: fissure

A

developmental or supplemental grooves with incomplete closure of enamel

59
Q

Where is the most common area to find imbrication lines on a tooth?

A

the cervical third on the facial of anterior teeth

60
Q

What anatomical feature appears as horizontal, wavelike ripples on anterior teeth?

A

imbrication lines

61
Q

Define: height of contour

A

the greatest bulge on the anatomical crown of a tooth

62
Q

True or False: Each tooth has only one height of contour

A

False

63
Q

What are some reasons that a contact area may be eliminated on a tooth?

A

tooth movement, loss of adjacent teeth, open contacts in restorations

64
Q

Define: contact areas

A

the area where approximating teeth in the same arch touch each other

65
Q

Where is the only area of the dentition where two mesial surfaces contact each other?

A

central incisors

66
Q

Define: embrasure

A

the spaces adjacent to and surrounding the contact of the teeth in the same arch; named according to the surface of the tooth they approximate

67
Q

How many embrasures surround the proximal contact area?

A

4

68
Q

What embrasure is made up of interdental papilla?

A

gingival embrasure

69
Q

What is the term for roots that are divided into two?

A

bifurcated

70
Q

What is the term for roots that are divided into three?

A

trifurcated

71
Q

What are the only premolars in the permanent dentition to be bifurcated?

A

maxillary first premolars

72
Q

Define: furcation

A

the area of the tooth where the roots divide

73
Q

Define: furrow

A

a concavity located coronal to the furcation of multi-rooted teeth

74
Q

What is the area called where the crown and the root meet?

A

cementoenamel junction (CEJ)

75
Q

On multi-rooted teeth, what is the section of the root that extends from the CEJ to the furcation area?

A

root trunk

76
Q

What tooth has the shortest root in the permanent dentition?

A

maxillary central incisors

77
Q

Which of the anterior teeth typically have a mesioincisal line angle shaped like a right angle?

A

maxillary central incisors

78
Q

What is a common area for decay on the lingual surface of permanent maxillary lateral incisors?

A

lingual pit

79
Q

What are the two most common teeth to be congenitally missing?

A

third molars and maxillary lateral incisors

80
Q

Define: congenitally missing

A

a condition present at birth where the teeth are not formed

81
Q

What is the term for a malformation caused by the only two lobes forming a tooth, instead of the normal four?

A

peg laterals

82
Q

Define: diastema

A

a space separating anterior teeth

83
Q

What permanent teeth are referred to as the “cornerstones” of the mouth

A

maxillary canines

84
Q

What teeth have the longest roots in the permanent dentition?

A

maxillary canines

85
Q

Why does the cervical third of a tooth appear darker than the incisal/occlusal third?

A

the enamel is thinner at the cervical aspect, and so the darker shade of the dentin is more visible

86
Q

Define: canine eminence

A

a bulge on the surface of the jawbone where it covers the root of a canine tooth

87
Q

Which tooth is the largest of the permanent maxillary molars?

A

maxillary first molars

88
Q

Which of the roots on a permanent maxillary first molar is the largest and longest of the three?

A

palatal root

89
Q

On what tooth would you find a cusp of carabelli?

A

maxillary first molars

90
Q

Each permanent maxillary first molar has _#__ transverse ridge(s) and __#__ oblique ridge(s)

A

one transverse ridge and one oblique ridge

91
Q

Would you find an oblique ridge on the permanent maxillary or mandibular molars?

A

maxillary

92
Q

When looking at the trifurcated roots of the permanent maxillary first and second molars, which have the roots spread further apart?

A

maxillary first molars

93
Q

What is the smallest tooth in the permanent dentition?

A

mandibular central incisors

94
Q

Which direction do the roots of teeth typically point?

A

distally

95
Q

Are the anatomical features of the permanent maxillary or mandibular canines less pronounced?

A

mandibular canines

96
Q

On the permanent mandibular canine, the anatomical crown is __(shorter or longer)__ and the anatomical root is __(shorter or longer)__ than the maxillary canine?

A

longer anatomical crown, shorter anatomical root

97
Q

Which cusp on the permanent mandibular first premolars is the largest?

A

buccal

98
Q

Which is the only premolar on the in the permanent dentition that has a mesiolingual groove?

A

mandibular first premolars

99
Q

List the three common types of occlusal anatomy on the permanent mandibular second premolars.

A

H-type
Y-type
U- or C-type

100
Q

List the names of the buccal cusps on the permanent mandibular first molars.

A

-mesiobuccal
-distobuccal
-distal

101
Q

Are the roots bifurcated or trifurcated on permanent mandibular first molars?

A

bifurcated

102
Q

What is the major difference in the enamel in permanent and primary dentition?

A

the enamel is much thinner on primary teeth

103
Q

Fill in the blank:
The number of cusps on the primary molars is ____ in comparison to the permanent molars.

A

reversed

104
Q

What is the benefit of primary teeth not having tight contact areas?

A

it helps to provide a space for the permanent dentition to erupt

105
Q

What is a major anatomical quality of the roots on primary maxillary molars?

A

the trifucated roots are very spread out

106
Q

How many teeth are in the adult dentition?

A

32

107
Q

How many teeth are in the primary dentition?

A

20

Expanded Functions Dental Assisting (EFDA)- Pennsylvania (12 decks)

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