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Expanded Functions Dental Assisting (EFDA)- Pennsylvania > **Amalgam > Flashcards

**Amalgam Flashcards

1
Q

Define amalgamation

A

the reaction between alloys and mercury to make amalgam

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1
Q

Define alloy

A

a mixture of metallic elements

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2
Q

Define trituration

A

the mixing of the mercury and alloy powder in the amalgam capsule

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3
Q

Define creep

A

the slow change in dimensions of the amalgam due to prolonged exposure to stress

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4
Q

What occurs when amalgam slowly moves out over the cavosurface margins under occlusal pressures?

A

creep

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5
Q

Define corrosion

A

the process where metal is eaten away by a chemical reaction

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6
Q

Is corrosion due to a chemical or mechanical reaction?

A

chemical

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7
Q

Define galvanism

A

an electric current created by a chemical reaction of dissimilar metals

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8
Q

Define tarnish

A

the discoloration of the surface of the amalgam

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9
Q

List the four major types of alloy in amalgam

A

silver, copper, tin, and zinc

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10
Q

What type of metal is the highest percentage of the alloy?

A

Silver

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11
Q

What type of metal is the lowest percentage of the alloy?

A

zinc

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12
Q

What type of metal in the alloy is used to prevent oxidation during the manufacturing process?

A

zinc

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13
Q

What type of metal in the alloy forms a metallic compound with the mercury?

A

silver

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14
Q

List the three types of of size/shapes of the alloy particles in amalgam?

A

Lathe-cut, spherical-cut, mixture of cuts

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15
Q

What type of alloy particle cut requires the least amount of mercury?

A

spherical-cut

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16
Q

Amalgams with ____ mercury content generally have better properties.

(low or high)

A

low

17
Q

How is mercury absorbs into the human body?

A

Through the pores in skin or by inhalation

18
Q

Approximately what percent of mercury is left in a finished amalgam restoration?

A

3%

19
Q

During placement of the amalgam restoration, what process allows the mercury-rich layer to rise to the surface and be removed?

A

Condensing

20
Q

Is a higher or lower ratio of mercury a quicker setting time?

A

Lower

21
Q

What percentage of mercury ratio is considered a “mercury-rich” amalgam?

A

More than 54%

22
Q

What causes the Gamma 2 phase?

A

inadequate condensation of amalgam during placement of the restoration

23
Q

What metal in an alloy can help reduce problems with the Gamma 2 phase?

A

high amounts of copper

24
Q

The Gamma 2 phase of a combination of what two materials in amalgam that decreases the strength of the final restoration?

A

tin and mercury

25
Q

What is inside each amalgam capsule?

A

a pre-measured amount of alloy and mercury

26
Q

Define pestle

A

a metal or plastic piece placed inside the amalgam capsule to aid in the mixing process

27
Q

What is a spill of amalgam?

A

the amount of material inside each amalgam capsule

28
Q

The settings on the amalgamator that determine the quality of the amalgam capsule’s mixture includes what?

A

mixing time, speed, force

29
Q

How will an overtriturated mix appear?

A

crumbly and dull

30
Q

How will an undertriturated mix appear?

A

soupy

31
Q

Where are amalgam scraps stored?

A

Regulated waste amalgam containers

32
Q

Define burnishing

A

the process of using a ball burnisher instrument to lightly rub over the surface of the amalgam restoration to smooth it and achieve a dull luster (optional procedure)

33
Q

When an amalgam restoration is successfully burnished, how will it appear?

A

smooth, dull luster

34
Q

Define: flash

A

excess

35
Q

Define: overhang

A

excess restorative material that has leaked under and out of the matrix band

36
Q

Define: open margins

A

a space left between a tooth and the restorative material due to inadequate condensing of the material

37
Q

Define: ditching

A

creation of scratches or concave areas due to excessive finishing of the amalgam

38
Q

In a Class 2 restoration, it is indicated to place the first increment of amalgam in the least accessible area of the prep. Where would this be?

A

the proximal box

39
Q

When carving anatomy in an amalgam restoration, what type of motion will you use to activate the instrument?

A

pulling motion

40
Q

How long after placing an amalgam restoration should you wait to finish and polish the restoration, if needed?

A

24-48 hours, per manufacturer’s instructions

41
Q

Why can amalgam not be finished/polished the same day as the restoration is placed?

A

premature finishing and polishing will disturb the crystalline structure of the hardened amalgam, and will weaken the restoration

Expanded Functions Dental Assisting (EFDA)- Pennsylvania (12 decks)

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